पथिक

 नजाने किस पथ पर, चला जा रहा हूँ शायद कदमों को अपने, छला जा रहा हूँ ना मंज़िल है अपनी, ना कोई ठिकाना दाएं - बाएँ करता है, मुझे सारा ज़माना रुक कर पथ पर, मैं बाट खोजता हूँ आगे चलता हूँ तो, मैं फिर सोचता हूँ चारों ओर देख कर, खुद को खरोंचता हूँ सोचता हूँ, मंज़िल कहाँ है अपनी चल चल कर क़दम भी अब हो गए जख्मी नाजाने जीवन मे कैसा भ्रम है पाला भ्रमित है जीवन, मृगतृष्णा का जाला

ज़िंदगी मे एक दोस्त तो, ऐसा भी होना चाहिए जिसके पास हर दर्द के लिए एक मरहम होना चाहिए कर सको अपने मन की बात जिससे  तुम काँधे मे सिर रख, उसके रो सको तुम दूर हो, फिर भी दूरी का एहसास न हो मौन हो अधर, लेकिन प्यासे जज़्बात न हो अंदर की व्यथा को वो जान ले  हंसी के पीछे छिपे आँसुओ को पहचान ले, रूह की माफिक साथ खड़ा नज़र वो आए  वक़्त की आंधियों में वो साथ निभाए, भूपेंद्र रावत 

मैंने देखा है, पहाड़ों को और अपने अदने से  कदमो की मदद से  लांघा है, पहाड़ों की सबसे  ऊंची चोटियों को धरातल से जुड़े हुए, घाटी बनाते, तथा ऊबड़-खाबड़ रास्ते भी, नहीं तोड़ पाये  कभी जज़्बा मेरा लेकिन, पहाड़ की सबसे ऊंची  चोंटीयां भी नहीं छू पाई कभी आसमां  को , बल्कि, उन्हें भी छिपना पड़ा बादलों की ओंट मे गुजरते वक़्त के साथ  कमजोर होते पहाड़ झुके, और भूस्खलन के रूप मे आखिर मिल गए धरातल मे          

 Chapter - 12 Undestanding Markets Buyer and Seller Interaction:-  The buyer and seller discussed the price of the goods being sold. Initial Offer:-  The seller quoted a high price for the item. Counter Offer:-  The buyer offered a lower price, stating it was too expensive. Bargaining:-  Both parties exchanged reasons — the seller explained quality or scarcity, the buyer emphasized budget or availability elsewhere. Agreement:-  Finally, they agreed on a mid-point price acceptable to both. Outcome:-  The transaction was completed, showing how negotiation helps in settling on a fair price in markets. Prices and Markets 1. What happens if the seller fixes the price very high? Buyers may not be willing to purchase. Fewer transactions take place. The seller may not earn as expected. Leads to unsold stock of goods. 2. What happens if the seller fixes the price very low? Many buyers will want to buy. Seller may run out of stock quickly. It may not be profitab...

 Chapter - 11 From Barter to Money Barter System: Exchanging goods or services directly without using money. Example: Exchanging an eraser for a pencil if both parties need what the other has. Early Form of Trade: Oldest method of exchange used worldwide. Items Used: Cowrie shells, salt, tea, tobacco, cloth, cattle, seeds, etc. Double Coincidence of Wants: Both parties must need what the other is offering. Difficulties in Barter: Hard to find matching wants. No standard value for goods. Disagreements on fair exchange. Modern Exchange: Now, we use money (coins, notes) and digital payments for buying and selling. Divisibility Problem: You can't divide an ox to exchange a part of it for a smaller item like a sweater. Portability Problem: Large items like an ox are difficult to carry around for trade. Durability Problem: Items like wheat can rot or get spoiled, making them hard to store. Double Coincidence of Wants: Both traders must want exactly what the other has. Common Standar...

 Chapter - 10  The Constitution of India — An Introduction What Is a Constitution? A Constitution is a formal document that defines: The basic principles and laws of a nation. The structure of the three main organs of government: Legislature – makes laws. Executive – implements laws. Judiciary – interprets laws. The roles and responsibilities of these organs. The checks and balances to maintain fairness, prevent misuse of power, and ensure accountability. The rights and duties of citizens. The vision, goals, and values that guide the country's future (like democracy, justice, equality, etc.). Why Do We Need a Constitution? We need a constitution to: Ensure equality and justice for everyone. Promote fraternity (brotherhood) and freedom. Respect pluralism (diverse cultures, religions, and communities). Set clear rules to protect citizens' rights and limit the power of the government. Provide a common framework for how the country is run. What Most Constitutions Contain: Preamble...

 Chapter - 9 From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types of Governments What is Democracy? Democracy means "rule of the people." It is a system where people hold the power to make decisions through their chosen representatives. The authority in a democracy comes from the citizens of the country. Let’s understand democracy with a school example: If every student is in the committee, it becomes difficult to take decisions or implement them because too many people are involved. If the Head Teacher selects the committee members, most students won’t get a say, and their opinions might not be heard. If students of each grade choose one representative, that representative can share their class's ideas and needs. This makes sure everyone’s voice is heard in an organized way. Functions of Government:- Just like a student committee in a school takes care of certain responsibilities, the government plays important roles in managing the country. These responsibilities are called the function...