Chapter 5: Print Culture and the Modern World IMPORTANT EXAM-ORIENTED QUESTIONS MCQs, Assertion–Reason & Picture-based questions

 Chapter 5: Print Culture and the Modern World

IMPORTANT EXAM-ORIENTED QUESTIONS 

MCQs, Assertion–Reason & Picture-based questions

 MCQs 

1. Printing technology was first developed in

A. Europe

B. China

C. India

D. Arabia

✔ Ans: B

2. Woodblock printing was widely used in

A. Japan and China

B. India and Persia

C. Europe

D. Africa

✔ Ans: A

3. Who invented the printing press in Europe?

A. Marco Polo

B. Martin Luther

C. Gutenberg

D. Erasmus

✔ Ans: C

4. Gutenberg’s first printed book was

A. Quran

B. Ramayana

C. Bible

D. Gita

✔ Ans: C

5. Print culture reduced the cost of

A. Education

B. Knowledge

C. Books

D. Writing

✔ Ans: C

6. Manuscripts were

A. Printed books

B. Handwritten books

C. Digital books

D. Illustrated books

✔ Ans: B

7. Print helped spread

A. Superstitions

B. Ignorance

C. New ideas

D. Censorship

✔ Ans: C

8. Which group benefited most initially from print?

A. Peasants

B. Nobility

C. Workers

D. Slaves

✔ Ans: B

9. Cheap books sold in Europe were called

A. Almanacs

B. Chapbooks

C. Manuscripts

D. Journals

✔ Ans: B

10. Print revolution led to

A. Decrease in literacy

B. Increase in reading habit

C. End of religion

D. Decline of knowledge

✔ Ans: B

11. Who supported print to spread reforms?

A. Napoleon

B. Martin Luther

C. Hitler

D. Bismarck

✔ Ans: B

12. Reformation was related to

A. Science

B. Education

C. Religion

D. Politics

✔ Ans: C

13. Print culture created fear of

A. Illiteracy

B. Censorship

C. Knowledge

D. Trade

✔ Ans: B

14. Literacy increased due to

A. Schools only

B. Print culture

C. Colonisation

D. War

✔ Ans: B

15. Print helped challenge

A. Democracy

B. Authority

C. Education

D. Trade

✔ Ans: B

16. First printed book in India was in

A. Hindi

B. Urdu

C. Portuguese

D. Bengali

✔ Ans: C

17. Printing press came to India with

A. British

B. Dutch

C. Portuguese

D. French

✔ Ans: C

18. Raja Ram Mohan Roy started

A. Kesari

B. Sambad Kaumudi

C. Hindu

D. Yugantar

✔ Ans: B

19. Newspapers helped in

A. Supporting British

B. Spreading nationalism

C. Ending education

D. Promoting caste

✔ Ans: B

20. Vernacular Press Act was passed in

A. 1857

B. 1878

C. 1905

D. 1919

✔ Ans: B

21. Vernacular Press Act aimed to

A. Support Indian press

B. Control Indian press

C. Encourage nationalism

D. Promote education

✔ Ans: B

22. Print culture helped social reforms like

A. Sati abolition

B. Caste discrimination

C. Untouchability support

D. Child labour

✔ Ans: A

23. Women readers increased because

A. Books were free

B. Education expanded

C. British forced it

D. Schools closed

✔ Ans: B

24. Cheap novels were popular among

A. Kings

B. Workers

C. Officers

D. Priests

✔ Ans: B

25. Print created public opinion by

A. Rumours

B. Books and newspapers

C. Wars

D. Speeches

✔ Ans: B

ASSERTION – REASON QUESTIONS

(Choose the correct option)

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation

B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation

C. A is true but R is false

D. A is false but R is true

26. Assertion (A): Print culture played an important role in the Reformation.

Reason (R): Printed books spread new ideas quickly among people.

✔ Answer: A

27. Assertion (A): The Church opposed the printing press.

Reason (R): Print challenged its religious authority.

✔ Answer: A

28. Assertion (A): Print culture helped nationalism in India.

Reason (R): Newspapers and books spread nationalist ideas.

✔ Answer: A

29. Assertion (A): Women writers increased with print culture.

Reason (R): Education of women increased due to print.

✔ Answer: A

30. Assertion (A): Vernacular Press Act supported freedom of press.

Reason (R): It allowed Indian newspapers to criticize the government.

✔ Answer: C

31. Assertion (A): Cheap novels increased reading habit among workers.

Reason (R): Books became affordable due to print technology.

✔ Answer: A

 PART C: PICTURE-BASED QUESTIONS (VERY IMPORTANT)

Picture 1: Gutenberg Printing Press

Question: - What was the importance of this invention?

A. Reduced handwritten manuscripts

B. Spread literacy and ideas

C. Made books cheaper

D. All of the above

✔ Answer: D

Picture 2: Woodblock Printing in China

Question: Which material was used for printing?

A. Stone

B. Wood

C. Metal

D. Paper only

✔ Answer: B

Picture 3: Newspaper during National Movement

Question: What role did newspapers play?

A. Supported British rule

B. Spread nationalist ideas

C. Discouraged education

D. Supported caste system

✔ Answer: B

Picture 4: Women Reading Books

Question: This picture reflects

A. Decline of education

B. Women empowerment through print

C. British policy

D. Religious reform

✔ Answer: B

Chapter 3: The Making of a Global World exam-oriented Important MCQs and Assertion–Reason questions

 Chapter 3: The Making of a Global World

 exam-oriented Important MCQs and Assertion–Reason questions 

MCQs

1. The Silk Routes were important because they

A. connected only China and India

B. connected Asia with Europe and North Africa

C. promoted slave trade

D. were used only for silk trade

✔ Answer: B

2. Which of the following goods were traded through Silk Routes?

A. Tea and coffee

B. Silk, spices, textiles, precious metals

C. Coal and iron

D. Cotton only

✔ Answer: B

3. The Silk Routes flourished mainly during

A. 7th–15th century

B. 1st–3rd century

C. 18th–19th century

D. 20th century

✔ Answer: A

4. Which religion spread through the Silk Routes?

A. Hinduism

B. Buddhism

C. Jainism

D. Sikhism

✔ Answer: B

5. Which food item travelled from China to Europe?

A. Potato

B. Maize

C. Spaghetti / Noodles

D. Tomato

✔ Answer: C

6. Potato was first introduced to Europe from

A. Asia

B. Africa

C. Americas

D. Australia

✔ Answer: C

7. Why did potato become popular in Europe?

A. Easy to grow and nutritious

B. Used as medicine

C. Luxury food

D. Imported from Africa

✔ Answer: A

8. Which continent was the original home of maize and potatoes?

A. Asia

B. Europe

C. Africa

D. Americas

✔ Answer: D

9. The Europeans conquered America mainly because

A. Better education

B. Powerful navy

C. Immunity to diseases

D. Strong economy

✔ Answer: C

10. Which disease killed millions of native Americans?

A. Cholera

B. Smallpox

C. Plague

D. Malaria

✔ Answer: B

11. Which continent suffered heavy population loss due to European diseases?

A. Africa

B. Asia

C. Europe

D. America

✔ Answer: D

12. The Columbian Exchange refers to

A. Exchange of students

B. Exchange of goods, crops, diseases between continents

C. Slave trade only

D. Silk trade

✔ Answer: B

13. The Silk Routes got their name mainly because

A. Silk was the only product traded

B. Silk was the most valuable product traded

C. Silk was traded only in China

D. Silk was produced in Europe

✔ Answer: B

14. Which region was NOT connected by the Silk Routes?

A. China

B. India

C. Europe

D. Australia

✔ Answer: D

15. Which of the following was spread by traders along Silk Routes?

A. Machines

B. Religions and ideas

C. Railways

D. Industries

✔ Answer: B

16. Which port was important for trade between Asia and Europe?

A. Calcutta

B. Surat

C. Constantinople

D. London

✔ Answer: C

17. What helped the Silk Routes to flourish?

A. Strong armies

B. Stable empires

C. Modern transport

D. Colonial rule

✔ Answer: B

18. Which traveller is believed to have brought noodles to Europe?

A. Ibn Battuta

B. Marco Polo

C. Vasco da Gama

D. Columbus

✔ Answer: B

19. Why were potatoes initially not accepted in Europe?

A. They were poisonous

B. They grew underground and were linked to disease

C. They were expensive

D. They were tasteless

✔ Answer: B

20. Which crop helped in fighting hunger and poverty in Europe?

A. Tea

B. Rice

C. Potato

D. Coffee

✔ Answer: C

21. Tomato was originally grown in

A. Europe

B. Asia

C. Africa

D. Americas

✔ Answer: D

22. Which of the following foods travelled from America to Europe?

A. Wheat

B. Rice

C. Maize

D. Barley

✔ Answer: C

23. Which disease spread rapidly in America after European arrival?

A. Typhoid

B. Smallpox

C. Tuberculosis

D. Dengue

✔ Answer: B

24. Why did native Americans die in large numbers?

A. Poor food

B. War only

C. Lack of immunity to European diseases

D. Cold climate

✔ Answer: C

25. Which European power first conquered large parts of America?

A. England

B. France

C. Spain

D. Germany

✔ Answer: C

26. The spread of diseases resulted in

A. Population growth in America

B. Decline of native population

C. Increase in trade

D. Spread of education

✔ Answer: B

27. Which term describes the exchange of food crops, animals and diseases?

A. Industrial Exchange

B. Columbian Exchange

C. Silk Exchange

D. Cultural Exchange

✔ Answer: B

28. Which of the following best explains globalisation in the pre-modern world?

A. Use of internet

B. Trade and cultural links between distant regions

C. Industrialisation

D. Colonisation only

✔ Answer: B

29. Which crop led to rapid population growth in Europe?

A. Wheat

B. Rice

C. Potato

D. Coffee

✔ Answer: C

30. Which factor helped Europeans establish control over new lands?

A. Education

B. Scientific knowledge

C. Immunity to diseases

D. Population

✔ Answer: C

31. The Silk Routes declined mainly due to

A. Spread of diseases

B. Discovery of sea routes

C. End of silk demand

D. Industrial revolution

✔ Answer: B

32. Which statement is correct?

A. Globalisation began in 20th century

B. Pre-modern trade was limited to Europe

C. Food habits changed due to trade

D. Silk Routes connected only China

✔ Answer: C

🔹 PART B: ASSERTION–REASON QUESTIONS

(Choose the correct option)

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation

B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation

C. A is true but R is false

D. A is false but R is true

33. Assertion (A): Silk Routes played a major role in cultural exchange.

Reason (R): Traders carried religions, technologies and ideas along with goods.

✔ Answer: A

34. Assertion (A): Food habits of Europeans changed after the discovery of America.

Reason (R): Crops like potato and maize were introduced from the Americas.

✔ Answer: A

35. Assertion (A): Europe easily conquered America.

Reason (R): Europeans had immunity against many deadly diseases.

✔ Answer: A

36. Assertion (A): Spaghetti was originally an Italian food.

Reason (R): It travelled from China to Italy through trade routes.

✔ Answer: D

(Assertion is false, Reason is true)

37. Assertion (A): Diseases helped Europeans in colonial expansion.

Reason (R): Native Americans had no immunity to European diseases.

✔ Answer: A

38. Assertion (A): Globalisation is a modern phenomenon.

Reason (R): Trade and cultural exchanges existed even in pre-modern times.

✔ Answer: D

Nationalism in India MCQs – Assertation- Reason Picture Based Questions

 Chapter 2 - Nationalism in India

Nationalism in India MCQs – Assertation- Reason Picture Based Questions

 MCQs

1. Who led the Khilafat Movement?

A. Mahatma Gandhi

B. Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali

C. Jawaharlal Nehru

D. Maulana Azad

Ans: B

2. In which year did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa?

A. 1913

B. 1914

C. 1915

D. 1916

Ans: C

3. Which Act gave the British government power to detain political prisoners without trial?

A. Government of India Act

B. Rowlatt Act

C. Regulating Act

D. Pitt’s India Act

Ans: B

4. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in:

A. 1917

B. 1918

C. 1919

D. 1920

Ans: C

5. Who was the British officer responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?

A. General Dyer

B. Lord Curzon

C. Lord Irwin

D. General Smuts

Ans: A

6. Which movement was launched in 1920?

A. Civil Disobedience Movement

B. Quit India Movement

C. Non-Cooperation Movement

D. Khilafat Movement

Ans: C

7. Which of the following was NOT a part of Non-Cooperation Movement?

A. Boycott of foreign goods

B. Renunciation of titles

C. Refusal to pay taxes

D. Boycott of law courts

Ans: C

8. Why was the Non-Cooperation Movement withdrawn?

A. British repression

B. Failure of Khilafat Movement

C. Chauri Chaura incident

D. Simon Commission

Ans: C

9. The Chauri Chaura incident occurred in:

A. 1920

B. 1921

C. 1922

D. 1923

Ans: C

10. What was the main aim of the Civil Disobedience Movement?

A. To boycott foreign goods

B. To violate British laws peacefully

C. To demand separate electorates

D. To support Khilafat

Ans: B

11. The Dandi March started on:

A. 12 March 1930

B. 15 August 1930

C. 26 January 1930

D. 5 April 1930

Ans: A

12. Dandi is located in which present-day state?

A. Maharashtra

B. Gujarat

C. Tamil Nadu

D. Odisha

Ans: B

13. The Salt Law was broken to protest against:

A. High land revenue

B. Forced labour

C. British monopoly over salt

D. Unemployment

Ans: C

14. Who designed the Swaraj Flag?

A. Rabindranath Tagore

B. Mahatma Gandhi

C. Pingali Venkayya

D. Lala Lajpat Rai

Ans: C

15. The spinning wheel (Charkha) symbolised:

A. Industrial growth

B. Modernisation

C. Self-reliance

D. British authority

Ans: C

16. Which social group participated actively in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

A. Plantation workers

B. Rich peasants

C. Industrialists

D. All of the above

Ans: D

17. Why did industrialists support the Civil Disobedience Movement?

A. To abolish zamindari

B. To gain political power

C. To oppose high taxes and colonial policies

D. To support peasants

Ans: C

18. Why did Dalits not fully support the Civil Disobedience Movement?

A. Lack of leadership

B. Fear of British power

C. Demand for separate electorates

D. Language problem

Ans: C

19. Who organised the Depressed Classes Association?

A. Mahatma Gandhi

B. B.R. Ambedkar

C. Jawaharlal Nehru

D. Sardar Patel

Ans: B

20. The Poona Pact was signed in:

A. 1930

B. 1931

C. 1932

D. 1933

Ans: C

21. The Poona Pact was between:

A. Congress and Muslim League

B. Gandhi and Ambedkar

C. British and Congress

D. Dalits and Muslims

Ans: B

22. Which agreement ended the Civil Disobedience Movement temporarily?

A. Gandhi-Irwin Pact

B. Poona Pact

C. Lucknow Pact

D. Lahore Resolution

Ans: A

23. Who called off the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1934?

A. Jawaharlal Nehru

B. Subhas Chandra Bose

C. Mahatma Gandhi

D. C.R. Das

Ans: C

24. What did the concept of “Swaraj” mean?

A. Economic freedom

B. Complete independence

C. Self-rule

D. Social equality

Ans: C

25. Which folk song became a symbol of nationalism in Bengal?

A. Vande Mataram

B. Jana Gana Mana

C. Rabindra Sangeet

D. Bharat Mata Ki Jai

Ans: A

26. Who painted the image of Bharat Mata?

A. Nandalal Bose

B. Abanindranath Tagore

C. Raja Ravi Varma

D. Jamini Roy

Ans: B

27. Why did plantation workers join the Non-Cooperation Movement?

A. For higher wages

B. For freedom to move freely

C. For land ownership

D. To support Congress

Ans: B

28. What was the main reason for peasants’ participation in nationalism?

A. High land revenue

B. Forced recruitment

C. Lack of education

D. Religious issues

Ans: A

29. Which newspaper spread nationalist ideas?

A. The Hindu

B. Kesari

C. Amrita Bazar Patrika

D. All of the above

Ans: D

30. The Simon Commission was boycotted because:

A. It had no Indian member

B. It proposed partition

C. It increased taxes

D. It supported British rule

Ans: A

31. Which slogan became popular during Civil Disobedience Movement?

A. Jai Hind

B. Inquilab Zindabad

C. Purna Swaraj

D. Do or Die

Ans: C

32. The Lahore Congress Session of 1929 was presided by:

A. Mahatma Gandhi

B. Jawaharlal Nehru

C. Sardar Patel

D. Subhas Chandra Bose

Ans: B

33. Why did Muslim participation decline in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

A. Economic issues

B. Communal riots

C. British pressure

D. Failure of Congress

Ans: B

34. Which tax was protested during Civil Disobedience Movement?

A. Income tax

B. Salt tax

C. House tax

D. Trade tax

Ans: B

35. Which leader gave the call for “Purna Swaraj”?

A. Gandhi

B. Nehru

C. Bose

D. Ambedkar

Ans: B

36. What was the main method used by Gandhi?

A. Violence

B. Revolutionary activities

C. Satyagraha

D. Military action

Ans: C

37. What does Satyagraha mean?

A. Armed struggle

B. Passive resistance

C. Force of truth

D. Political pressure

Ans: C

38. Why was khadi promoted?

A. To create jobs

B. To reduce poverty

C. To boycott foreign cloth

D. All of the above

Ans: D

39. Which group feared losing power after independence?

A. Rich peasants

B. Industrialists

C. Upper caste Hindus

D. Some Muslims

Ans: D

40. What did nationalists try to revive?

A. Ancient trade

B. Folk traditions

C. British laws

D. Western culture

Ans: B

41. Who wrote “Hind Swaraj”?

A. Jawaharlal Nehru

B. B.R. Ambedkar

C. Mahatma Gandhi

D. Tilak

Ans: C

42. Why did women participate in nationalist movements?

A. Forced participation

B. For equality and freedom

C. For political posts

D. For British support

Ans: B

43. Which movement marked the beginning of mass nationalism?

A. Civil Disobedience

B. Quit India

C. Non-Cooperation

D. Swadeshi

Ans: C

44. What role did folklore play in nationalism?

A. Spread British ideas

B. Promoted unity and pride

C. Created divisions

D. Supported colonial rule

Ans: B

45. Why was foreign cloth burnt?

A. Protest against inflation

B. To show anger

C. To promote Indian industries

D. For entertainment

Ans: C

46. What was the main objective of Congress?

A. British cooperation

B. Dominion status

C. Complete independence

D. Social reforms

Ans: C

47. Which class felt disappointed after Civil Disobedience Movement?

A. Women

B. Dalits

C. Rich peasants

D. Industrialists

Ans: B

48. What was the role of students in nationalism?

A. Boycott schools

B. Join British services

C. Support British rule

D. Remain neutral

Ans: A

49. Why did the British fear nationalist movements?

A. Loss of power

B. Economic loss

C. International pressure

D. All of the above

Ans: D

50. Nationalism united Indians by:

A. Religion

B. Language

C. Shared struggle against colonial rule

D. Caste

Ans: C

ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS

For each question, choose the correct option:

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

C. A is true but R is false

D. A is false but R is true

1. Assertion (A): The Rowlatt Act was opposed by Indians.

Reason (R): It allowed detention without trial.

Answer: A

2. Assertion: The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn in 1922.

Reason: The Chauri Chaura incident turned violent.

Answer: A

3. Assertion: Mahatma Gandhi believed non-violence could unite Indians.

Reason: Violence leads to hatred and division.

Answer: A

4. Assertion: The Civil Disobedience Movement began with the Salt March.

Reason: Salt was an essential item used by all sections of society.

Answer: A

5. Assertion: Rich peasants supported the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Reason: They wanted reduction in land revenue.

Answer: A

6. Assertion: Poor peasants did not fully support the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Reason: Congress did not include their demands for rent reduction.

Answer: A

7. Assertion: Industrialists supported the nationalist movement.

Reason: British policies restricted Indian industries.

Answer: A

8. Assertion: Dalits participated less in the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Reason: Congress ignored their demand for separate electorates.

Answer: A

9. Assertion: The Poona Pact brought Gandhiji and Dr. Ambedkar together.

Reason: It gave reserved seats to the Depressed Classes.

Answer: A

10. Assertion: Muslim participation declined in the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Reason: Communal riots created distrust between communities.

Answer: A

11. Assertion: Plantation workers joined the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Reason: They wanted freedom to leave plantations.

Answer: A

12. Assertion: The Swaraj Flag became a symbol of national unity.

Reason: It carried the spinning wheel representing self-reliance.

Answer: A

13. Assertion: Folk songs and folklore played an important role in nationalism.

Reason: They promoted pride in Indian culture.

Answer: A

14. Assertion: The image of Bharat Mata inspired nationalism.

Reason: It represented India as a mother figure.

Answer: A

15. Assertion: The Civil Disobedience Movement was suspended in 1931.

Reason: The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed.

Answer: A

16. Assertion: Khadi was promoted during the national movement.

Reason: It helped boycott foreign goods and promote self-dependence.

Answer: A

17. Assertion: Students actively participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Reason: National schools were opened to replace British institutions.

Answer: A

18. Assertion: Gandhiji withdrew movements when they became violent.

Reason: He believed violence was morally wrong.

Answer: A

19. Assertion: Nationalism spread through newspapers and journals.

Reason: They created awareness among people.

Answer: A

20. Assertion: Different groups had different interpretations of nationalism.

Reason: Their economic and social interests were different.

Answer: A

IMPORTANT PICTURE-BASED QUESTIONS

Picture-Based Question 1: Dandi March

Q1. Identify the movement shown in the picture.

Ans: Civil Disobedience Movement / Salt March

Q2. Who led this movement?

Ans: Mahatma Gandhi

Q3. Why was salt chosen as a symbol of protest?

Ans: Salt was a basic necessity and the British had monopoly over it.

Picture-Based Question 2: Charkha (Spinning Wheel)

Q1. What does the spinning wheel symbolise?

Ans: Self-reliance and swadeshi

Q2. Which movement promoted this symbol?

Ans: Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements

Picture-Based Question 3: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

Q1. Which event is shown in the picture?

Ans: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

Q2. In which year did it occur?

Ans: 1919

Q3. Name the British officer responsible.

Ans: General Dyer

Picture-Based Question 4: Bharat Mata Image

Q1. Who painted this image?

Ans: Abanindranath Tagore

Q2. What was the purpose of this image?

Ans: To inspire nationalism and unity

Picture-Based Question 5: Burning of Foreign Clothes

Q1. Which movement does this activity belong to?

Ans: Non-Cooperation Movement

Q2. Why were foreign clothes burnt?

Ans: To boycott British goods and promote Indian industries

Picture-Based Question 6: Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Q1. Name the agreement shown.

Ans: Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Q2. What was its result?

Ans: Suspension of Civil Disobedience Movement

Picture-Based Question 7: Salt Law Protest

Q1. Which law was violated here?

Ans: Salt Law

Q2. Which movement does it relate to?

Ans: Civil Disobedience Movement

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe MCQs – Assertation- Reason Picture Based Questions

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

• MCQs –  
• Assertation- Reason
• Picture Based Questions

1. The first clear expression of nationalism in Europe came with—

A. French Revolution

B. Russian Revolution

C. Industrial Revolution

D. Vienna Congress

Answer: A

2. What was a major feature of the French Revolution?

A. Creation of a parliament

B. Removal of monarchy

C. Transfer of sovereignty to the people

D. Division of France into provinces

Answer: C

3. Who introduced the Civil Code of 1804?

A. Cavour

B. Garibaldi

C. Napoleon

D. Metternich

Answer: C

4. Which of the following reforms was NOT introduced by Napoleon?

A. Uniform civil code

B. Abolition of feudal system

C. Creation of a new aristocracy

D. Uniform system of weights and measures

Answer: C

5. What was the main purpose of the Zollverein?

A. Political unification

B. Military control

C. Economic unification

D. Religious unity

Answer: C

6. In which year was the Frankfurt Parliament convened?

A. 1815

B. 1848

C. 1832

D. 1871

Answer: B

7. Which class dominated the Frankfurt Parliament?

A. Peasants

B. Workers

C. Middle-class professionals

D. Aristocrats

Answer: C

8. Who was proclaimed the German Emperor in 1871?

A. William I of Prussia

B. Bismarck

C. Adolf Hitler

D. Kaiser Friedrich

Answer: A

9. Which of the following was NOT a part of the 1848 revolutions?

A. Demand for written constitution

B. Demand for parliamentary government

C. Demand for unity among nationalities

D. Demand for military dictatorship

Answer: D

10. The unification of Italy was completed in—

A. 1832

B. 1848

C. 1861

D. 1871

Answer: D

11. The Italian state that led the unification movement was—

A. Venice

B. Sardinia–Piedmont

C. Lombardy

D. Rome

Answer: B

12. Who was the Prime Minister of Sardinia–Piedmont?

A. Cavour

B. Mazzini

C. Garibaldi

D. Napoleon III

Answer: A

13. Which philosopher used folk tales as a tool of nationalism?

A. Johann Fichte

B. Herder

C. Rousseau

D. Montesquieu

Answer: B

14. Which country supported Greek independence?

A. England

B. France

C. Russia

D. All of the above

Answer: D

15. The allegory representing the German nation was—

A. Marianne

B. Germania

C. Britannia

D. Helvetia

Answer: B

16. The main demand of the Treaty of Vienna was:

A. To divide France

B. Restore conservative monarchies

C. Promote liberal ideas

D. Support nationalist leaders

Answer: B

17. Which war completed the unification of Germany?

A. Austro-Prussian War

B. Franco–Prussian War

C. Seven Weeks’ War

D. Danish War

Answer: B

18. The famous painting “Liberty Leading the People” was created by—

A. Delacroix

B. Picasso

C. Sorrieu

D. Turner

Answer: A

19. Who said: “Italy has made itself by its own strength”?

A. Bismarck

B. Cavour

C. Mazzini

D. Metternich

Answer: C

20. Which of the following was a direct result of the French Revolution?

A. End of absolute monarchy

B. Emergence of republic

C. Spread of nationalism

D. All of the above

Answer: D

21. The Habsburg Empire ruled over—

A. A culturally diverse population

B. Only Germans

C. Only Italians

D. Only French

Answer: A

22. Who led the movement for Polish language revival?

A. Clergy

B. Students

C. Nobles

D. Businessmen

Answer: A

23. Which of the following was NOT an outcome of the 1830 Revolution in France?

A. Fall of Bourbon monarchy

B. Louis Philippe became king

C. France became a republic

D. People established constitutional monarchy

Answer: C

24. Which event symbolises the end of feudalism in Europe?

A. French Revolution

B. Treaty of Vienna

C. Greek War

D. Unification of Germany

Answer: A

25. What did the Romantics believe?

A. Mathematics is superior

B. We should glorify science

C. Feelings, emotions and national spirit matter

D. Art is unnecessary

Answer: C

26. Sorrieu’s painting shows the march of nations towards—

A. Stateless society

B. Democracy and liberty

C. Dictatorship

D. Socialism

Answer: B

27. Which constitution offered to the Prussian King by the Frankfurt Parliament was rejected because—

A. It was too liberal

B. It was too conservative

C. It was incomplete

D. It lacked equality

Answer: A

28. Which one of the following was not a part of the Revolutionary ideology?

A. Equality

B. Liberty

C. Fraternity

D. Serfdom

Answer: D

29. Which year is known as the “Year of Revolutions”?

A. 1789

B. 1815

C. 1848

D. 1871

Answer: C

30. Which of these symbols is associated with Marianne?

A. Cap of liberty

B. Olive branch

C. Red flag

D. Both A and B

Answer: D

31. What was the significance of oak leaves in German allegory?

A. Peace

B. Strength and heroism

C. Trade

D. Agriculture

Answer: B

32. The three colours of the French flag stand for—

A. Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

B. Religion, Law, Order

C. Army, Navy, Airforce

D. None

Answer: A

33. Which treaty ended the Napoleonic wars?

A. Treaty of Vienna

B. Treaty of Versailles

C. Treaty of Constantinople

D. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Answer: A

34. Who hosted the Congress of Vienna in 1815?

A. Kaiser William I

B. Otto von Bismarck

C. Duke Metternich

D. Giuseppe Garibaldi

Answer: C

35. The term ‘Nation-State’ refers to—

A. A state ruled by foreign powers

B. A state whose people share a common identity

C. A state governed by the army

D. A state formed by dynasties

Answer: B

36. Who was the leader of the unification of Germany?

A. Mazzini

B. Bismarck

C. Napoleon

D. Metternich

Answer: B

37. Which country became a nation-state after the 1830 revolution?

A. Germany

B. Belgium

C. Italy

D. Poland

Answer: B

38. Who was the founder of Young Italy?

A. Garibaldi

B. Bismarck

C. Mazzini

D. Victor Emmanuel II

Answer: C

39. Who was proclaimed the King of united Italy?

A. Garibaldi

B. Victor Emmanuel II

C. Cavour

D. Mazzini

Answer: B

40. Which philosopher said that “the state has no right to interfere in individual’s freedom”?

A. Johann Fichte

B. Montesquieu

C. Rousseau

D. Voltaire

Answer: C

41. The famous painting ‘Germania’ was prepared by—

A. Lorenz Clasen

B. Delacroix

C. Daumier

D. Zolle

Answer: A

42. Who defeated Napoleon in the Battle of Waterloo (1815)?

A. Duke Metternich

B. King Louis XVIII

C. Duke of Wellington

D. Giuseppe Garibaldi

Answer: C

43. Which of the following is NOT associated with liberal nationalism?

A. Freedom of press

B. Equality before law

C. Freedom of markets

D. Absence of private property

Answer: D

44. Zollverein was a—

A. Customs union

B. Military alliance

C. Political club

D. Liberal organisation

Answer: A

45. Who formed the Red Shirts?

A. Mazzini

B. Cavour

C. Garibaldi

D. Napoleon

Answer: C

46. “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold” was said by—

A. Bismarck

B. Metternich

C. Cavour

D. Napoleon

Answer: B

47. The allegory of France is—

A. Germania

B. Britannia

C. Marianne

D. Italia Turrita

Answer: C

B. ASSERTION–REASON QUESTIONS (10)

Q1.

Assertion (A): The Treaty of Vienna (1815) restored monarchies in Europe.

Reason (R): The participants at Vienna wanted to bring back the conservative order.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true, but R is false.

D. A is false, but R is true.

Answer: A

Q2.

A: Liberal nationalism stressed on freedom and equality.

R: Liberal nationalism rejected the concept of government by consent.

Answer: C

Q3.

A: Zollverein helped in economic unification of Germany.

R: It abolished internal custom duties.

Answer: A

Q4.

A: Mazzini was against monarchy.

R: He wanted to establish a democratic republic.

Answer: A

Q5.

A: Italy was unified in 1871.

R: Rome was the last state to join Italy.

Answer: A

Q6.

A: Nationalism in Europe was closely linked with culture.

R: Folk songs, dances, and poetry created a sense of shared heritage.

Answer: A

Q7.

A: Napoleon’s administrative reforms were welcomed by the people.

R: His army brought destruction and conflicts wherever they went.

Answer: B

Q8.

A: Greece became an independent nation in 1832.

R: Greek War of Independence got support from artists and poets of Europe.

Answer: A

Q9.

A: The Frankfurt Parliament failed to unify Germany.

R: The King of Prussia refused to accept the crown offered by the parliament.

Answer: A

Q10.

A: Ireland was divided into two parts.

R: The southern part gained independence but the northern remained under the UK.

Answer: A

C. PICTURE-BASED QUESTIONS (HIGHLY IMPORTANT FOR CBSE)

1. Picture of “Germania” (Female figure with crown & sword)

Question: Identify the allegory and explain any two features visible in the image.

Answer:

The figure is Germania, symbol of German nation.

Features:

Sword – readiness to fight.

Crown of oak leaves – heroism.

Breastplate with eagle – German strength.

2. Picture: “Marianne” (Female figure representing France)

Question: What does the image represent? Mention any two symbols.

Answer:

Represents French nation.

Symbols:

Red cap of liberty

Tricolour flag

Olive branch (peace)

3. Picture: “The Dream of Worldwide Democratic and Social Republic – 1848” (Painter: Frederic Sorrieu)

Question: What message does the painting convey?

Answer:

Shows people of nations marching towards Statue of Liberty.

Symbolizes rise of democratic & national ideals.

Represents the hope for a world of nations.

4. Picture: Italian unification map

Question: Identify the leader who led the expedition of the thousand.

Answer:

Giuseppe Garibaldi.

5. Picture: Bismarck with sword / German unification map

Question: How did Bismarck unify Germany?

Answer:

Through policy of "Blood and Iron"

Led three wars (Denmark, Austria, France)

6. Picture: Congress of Vienna sitting

Question: What was the main aim of the Congress of Vienna?

Answer:

To restore monarchies.

To create balance of power in Europe.