Geography, Chapter 5: Mineramls and Energy Resources MCQs, Assertion–Reason Questions, Map based questions

Geography, Chapter 5: Mineramls and Energy Resources

MCQs,  Assertion–Reason Questions, Map based questions 

MCQs 

Q1. Which one of the following is a metallic mineral?

(a) Limestone

(b) Coal

(c) Iron ore

(d) Mica

✔ Answer: (c) Iron ore

Q2. Which iron ore is the best quality iron ore?

(a) Magnetite

(b) Hematite

(c) Limonite

(d) Siderite

✔ Answer: (a) Magnetite

Q3. Which state is the largest producer of manganese in India?

(a) Odisha

(b) Karnataka

(c) Madhya Pradesh

(d) Maharashtra

✔ Answer: (d) Maharashtra

Q4. Which mineral is used in the manufacturing of electrical goods?

(a) Bauxite

(b) Mica

(c) Iron

(d) Limestone

✔ Answer: (b) Mica

Q5. Bauxite is the ore of:

(a) Copper

(b) Iron

(c) Aluminium

(d) Zinc

✔ Answer: (c) Aluminium

Q6. Which coal type has the highest carbon content?

(a) Peat

(b) Lignite

(c) Bituminous

(d) Anthracite

✔ Answer: (d) Anthracite

Q7. Which oil field is located in Assam?

(a) Digboi

(b) Ankleshwar

(c) Kalol

(d) Mumbai High

✔ Answer: (a) Digboi

Q8. Which energy source is non-conventional?

(a) Coal

(b) Petroleum

(c) Solar energy

(d) Thermal power

✔ Answer: (c) Solar energy

Q9. Which one is a ferrous mineral?

(a) Copper

(b) Aluminium

(c) Iron

(d) Gold

✔ Answer: (c) Iron

Q10. Which power is generated using water?

(a) Thermal power

(b) Nuclear power

(c) Solar power

(d) Hydel power

✔ Answer: (d) Hydel power

Q11. Which mineral is known as “Black Gold”?

(a) Coal

(b) Petroleum

(c) Iron

(d) Manganese

✔ Ans: (b)

Q12. Which one is a non-metallic mineral?

(a) Iron

(b) Copper

(c) Mica

(d) Aluminium

✔ Ans: (c)

Q13. Which state is the largest producer of iron ore in India?

(a) Odisha

(b) Jharkhand

(c) Chhattisgarh

(d) Karnataka

✔ Ans: (a)

Q14. Which coal field is located in Jharkhand?

(a) Jharia

(b) Raniganj

(c) Talcher

(d) Neyveli

✔ Ans: (a)

Q15. Which mineral is used in making cement?

(a) Iron ore

(b) Limestone

(c) Bauxite

(d) Mica

✔ Ans: (b)

Q16. Which power station uses uranium?

(a) Thermal

(b) Solar

(c) Nuclear

(d) Hydel

✔ Ans: (c)

Q17. Which one is a renewable resource?

(a) Coal

(b) Petroleum

(c) Solar energy

(d) Natural gas

✔ Ans: (c)

Q18. Which metal is obtained from bauxite?

(a) Copper

(b) Aluminium

(c) Zinc

(d) Iron

✔ Ans: (b)

Q19. Which mineral belt is famous for iron ore?

(a) Chota Nagpur Plateau

(b) Deccan Plateau

(c) Himalayas

(d) Coastal Plains

✔ Ans: (a)

Q20. Which coal has the lowest carbon content?

(a) Anthracite

(b) Bituminous

(c) Lignite

(d) Peat

✔ Ans: (d)

Q21. Which mineral is essential for electric wiring?

(a) Iron

(b) Copper

(c) Aluminium

(d) Zinc

✔ Ans: (b)

Q22. Which oil refinery is located in Assam?

(a) Digboi

(b) Mathura

(c) Barauni

(d) Haldia

✔ Ans: (a)

Q23. Which state leads in bauxite production?

(a) Gujarat

(b) Odisha

(c) Jharkhand

(d) Maharashtra

✔ Ans: (b)

Q24. Which energy source is also called inexhaustible?

(a) Coal

(b) Petroleum

(c) Solar energy

(d) Natural gas

✔ Ans: (c)

Q25. Which mineral is used in glass industry?

(a) Limestone

(b) Silica

(c) Mica

(d) Iron

✔ Ans: (b)

Q26. Which coal field is located in West Bengal?

(a) Jharia

(b) Raniganj

(c) Bokaro

(d) Talcher

✔ Ans: (b)

Q27. Which metal is corrosion-resistant?

(a) Iron

(b) Copper

(c) Aluminium

(d) Zinc

✔ Ans: (c)

Q28. Which power plant is located in Tamil Nadu?

(a) Narora

(b) Kalpakkam

(c) Tarapur

(d) Rawatbhata

✔ Ans: (b)

Q29. Which mineral is used as a lubricant?

(a) Graphite

(b) Iron

(c) Mica

(d) Bauxite

✔ Ans: (a)

Q30. Which gas is found with petroleum deposits?

(a) Nitrogen

(b) Oxygen

(c) Natural gas

(d) Carbon monoxide

✔ Ans: (c)

Q31. Which mineral is used in fertilisers?

(a) Mica

(b) Phosphorite

(c) Iron

(d) Bauxite

✔ Ans: (b)

Q32. Which power is generated from flowing water?

(a) Thermal

(b) Nuclear

(c) Solar

(d) Hydel

✔ Ans: (d)

Q33. Which state has the largest coal reserves?

(a) Odisha

(b) Jharkhand

(c) Chhattisgarh

(d) West Bengal

✔ Ans: (b)

Q34. Which mineral is called the backbone of industry?

(a) Copper

(b) Iron

(c) Aluminium

(d) Manganese

✔ Ans: (b)

Q35. Which mineral is used in making aircraft?

(a) Iron

(b) Copper

(c) Aluminium

(d) Zinc

✔ Ans: (c)

Q36. Which energy resource causes maximum pollution?

(a) Solar

(b) Wind

(c) Coal

(d) Hydel

✔ Ans: (c)

Q37. Which mineral is used in dry cells?

(a) Zinc

(b) Iron

(c) Copper

(d) Aluminium

✔ Ans: (a)

Q38. Which state has the largest wind power capacity?

(a) Gujarat

(b) Rajasthan

(c) Tamil Nadu

(d) Maharashtra

✔ Ans: (c)

Q39. Which oil field is offshore?

(a) Digboi

(b) Ankleshwar

(c) Mumbai High

(d) Naharkatiya

✔ Ans: (c)

Q40. Which mineral is used in making alloys?

(a) Iron

(b) Manganese

(c) Limestone

(d) Mica

✔ Ans: (b)

Q41. Which mineral is used in paints and rubber?

(a) Limestone

(b) Bauxite

(c) Mica

(d) Iron

✔ Ans: (c)

Q42. Which mineral is found in sedimentary rocks?

(a) Iron

(b) Copper

(c) Coal

(d) Gold

✔ Ans: (c)

Q43. Which energy source is least polluting?

(a) Coal

(b) Petroleum

(c) Solar

(d) Thermal

✔ Ans: (c)

Q44. Which mineral is used in making steel?

(a) Copper

(b) Aluminium

(c) Iron ore

(d) Mica

✔ Ans: (c)

Q45. Which state is famous for mica production?

(a) Bihar

(b) Jharkhand

(c) Odisha

(d) Rajasthan

✔ Ans: (b)

Q46. Which mineral helps in strengthening steel?

(a) Copper

(b) Zinc

(c) Manganese

(d) Bauxite

✔ Ans: (c)

Q47. Which energy resource is obtained from the sun?

(a) Wind

(b) Thermal

(c) Solar

(d) Hydel

✔ Ans: (c)

Q48. Which coal field is located in Odisha?

(a) Bokaro

(b) Talcher

(c) Raniganj

(d) Jharia

✔ Ans: (b)

Q49. Which metal is good conductor of electricity?

(a) Iron

(b) Aluminium

(c) Copper

(d) Zinc

✔ Ans: (c)

Q50. Which mineral is used in making fertiliser and chemicals?

(a) Mica

(b) Limestone

(c) Phosphorite

(d) Iron

✔ Ans: (c)

Q51. Which mineral is extracted from veins and lodes?

(a) Coal

(b) Iron ore

(c) Tin

(d) Petroleum

✔ Ans: (c)

Q52. Which power station is located in Uttar Pradesh?

(a) Kalpakkam

(b) Tarapur

(c) Narora

(d) Rawatbhata

✔ Ans: (c)

Q53. Which mineral is used in nuclear power generation?

(a) Thorium

(b) Uranium

(c) Coal

(d) Natural gas

✔ Ans: (b)

Q54. Which energy resource is found in the Gulf of Khambhat?

(a) Coal

(b) Petroleum

(c) Wind

(d) Solar

✔ Ans: (b)

Q55. Which mineral is used in making toothpaste?

(a) Limestone

(b) Mica

(c) Phosphate

(d) Iron

✔ Ans: (c)

Q56. Which state is rich in petroleum resources?

(a) Assam

(b) Gujarat

(c) Maharashtra

(d) All of these

✔ Ans: (d)

Q57. Which mineral is used in making glass and ceramics?

(a) Bauxite

(b) Silica

(c) Iron

(d) Manganese

✔ Ans: (b)

Q58. Which energy resource is biodegradable?

(a) Coal

(b) Petroleum

(c) Biogas

(d) Nuclear

✔ Ans: (c)

Q59. Which mineral is used in making pencils?

(a) Iron

(b) Graphite

(c) Mica

(d) Zinc

✔ Ans: (b)

Q60. Which energy resource is cheapest in the long run?

(a) Coal

(b) Solar

(c) Petroleum

(d) Nuclear

✔ Ans: (b)

Assertion – Reason Questions

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

(c) A is true but R is false

(d) A is false but R is true

Q1.

Assertion (A): Minerals are unevenly distributed in India.

Reason (R): Mineral distribution depends on geological structure.

✔ Answer: (a)

Q2.

Assertion (A): Aluminium is a light metal.

Reason (R): It is extracted from bauxite.

✔ Answer: (b)

Q3.

Assertion (A): Coal is an exhaustible resource.

Reason (R): It takes millions of years to form.

✔ Answer: (a)

Q4.

Assertion (A): Petroleum is called liquid gold.

Reason (R): It has high economic value and multiple uses.

✔ Answer: (a)

Q5.

Assertion (A): Solar energy is environment-friendly.

Reason (R): It does not cause pollution.

✔ Answer: (a)

Q6.

Assertion (A): Minerals are non-renewable resources.

Reason (R): They take millions of years to form.

✔ Ans: (a)

Q7.

Assertion (A): Ferrous minerals are mainly used in heavy industries.

Reason (R): They contain iron.

✔ Ans: (a)

Q8.

Assertion (A): India is rich in coal resources.

Reason (R): Coal is mainly found in sedimentary rocks.

✔ Ans: (b)

Q9.

Assertion (A): Aluminium is considered a metal of the future.

Reason (R): It is light, strong and resistant to corrosion.

✔ Ans: (a)

Q10.

Assertion (A): Petroleum is an exhaustible resource.

Reason (R): It is formed from the remains of organisms over millions of years.

✔ Ans: (a)

Q11.

Assertion (A): Non-conventional energy resources help in sustainable development.

Reason (R): They reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

✔ Ans: (a)

Q12.

Assertion (A): Hydel power is an eco-friendly source of energy.

Reason (R): It does not emit pollutants during power generation.

✔ Ans: (a)

Q13.

Assertion (A): Mica is widely used in the electrical industry.

Reason (R): It is a poor conductor of electricity.

✔ Ans: (a)

Q14.

Assertion (A): Coal is called a fossil fuel.

Reason (R): It is formed from the remains of ancient plants.

✔ Ans: (a)

Q15.

Assertion (A): Nuclear energy is a non-renewable source of energy.

Reason (R): Uranium reserves are limited.

✔ Ans: (a)

Q16.

Assertion (A): Odisha is a leading producer of iron ore.

Reason (R): The state lies in the Chotanagpur Plateau region.

✔ Ans: (a)

Q17.

Assertion (A): Mumbai High is an offshore oil field.

Reason (R): It is located in the Arabian Sea.

✔ Ans: (a)

Q18.

Assertion (A): Talcher is an important coalfield of India.

Reason (R): It is located in Odisha.

✔ Ans: (b)

Q19.

Assertion (A): Kalpakkam is a nuclear power station.

Reason (R): It is located in Karnataka.

✔ Ans: (c)

Q20.

Assertion (A): Jharia coalfield produces high-quality coal.

Reason (R): It is rich in anthracite coal.

✔ Ans: (c)

Q21.

Assertion (A): Conservation of minerals is essential.

Reason (R): Minerals are unevenly distributed and exhaustible.

✔ Ans: (a)

Q22.

Assertion (A): Wind energy is mainly developed in coastal and hilly areas.

Reason (R): These areas experience strong and consistent winds.

✔ Ans: (a)

Q23.

Assertion (A): Biogas is considered a clean fuel.

Reason (R): It produces very little smoke.

✔ Ans: (a)

Q24.

Assertion (A): Thermal power plants cause environmental pollution.

Reason (R): They use fossil fuels like coal.

✔ Ans: (a)

Q25.

Assertion (A): Tidal energy has limited use in India.

Reason (R): Suitable sites are very few.

✔ Ans: (a)

Map-Based Questions

On the outline map of India, locate and label ANY FIVE:

Minerals

• Iron ore – Odisha belt
• Manganese – Maharashtra
• Bauxite – Odisha
• Mica – Jharkhand

Energy Resources

• Coal field – Jharia
• Oil field – Digboi
• Oil field – Mumbai High
• Thermal power station – Talcher
• Nuclear power plant – Kalpakkam

Geography, Chapter 4: Agriculture MCQs, Assertion–Reason Questions, Map based questions

 Geography, Chapter 4: Agriculture 

MCQs,  Assertion–Reason Questions, Map based questions 

MCQs 

1. Which of the following is a rabi crop?

A. Rice

B. Cotton

C. Wheat

D. Jute

✅ Answer: C

2. Which crop requires high temperature and heavy rainfall?

A. Wheat

B. Rice

C. Bajra

D. Maize

✅ Answer: B

3. The Green Revolution was mainly associated with which crop?

A. Rice

B. Wheat

C. Millet

D. Pulses

✅ Answer: B

4. Which type of farming is practised in densely populated regions of India?

A. Plantation farming

B. Extensive farming

C. Intensive subsistence farming

D. Shifting farming

✅ Answer: C

5. Which state is the largest producer of sugarcane in India?

A. Maharashtra

B. Uttar Pradesh

C. Bihar

D. Karnataka

✅ Answer: B

6. Millets are also known as:

A. Cash crops

B. Fodder crops

C. Coarse grains

D. Plantation crops

✅ Answer: C

7. Which crop is known as the “golden fibre”?

A. Cotton

B. Jute

C. Silk

D. Wool

✅ Answer: B

8. Black soil is best suited for:

A. Wheat

B. Rice

C. Cotton

D. Tea

✅ Answer: C

9. Which farming method uses slash and burn technique?

A. Mixed farming

B. Plantation farming

C. Shifting cultivation

D. Dry farming

✅ Answer: C

10. Which crop is mainly grown in plantation farming?

A. Wheat

B. Rice

C. Tea

D. Pulses

✅ Answer: C

11. Which crop requires cool climate during growth and warm climate during maturity?

A. Rice

B. Wheat

C. Cotton

D. Jute

✅ Answer: B

12. Which of the following is an example of mixed farming?

A. Only wheat cultivation

B. Only dairy farming

C. Growing crops along with rearing animals

D. Plantation farming

✅ Answer: C

13. Which crop is mainly grown on the black soil of Deccan Plateau?

A. Rice

B. Wheat

C. Cotton

D. Tea

✅ Answer: C

14. The practice of growing the same crop year after year on the same land is called:

A. Crop rotation

B. Multiple cropping

C. Monoculture

D. Subsistence farming

✅ Answer: C

15. Which Indian state is a leading producer of jute?

A. Assam

B. Odisha

C. Bihar

D. West Bengal

✅ Answer: D

16. Which of the following crops is a rabi crop?

A. Maize

B. Cotton

C. Barley

D. Jute

✅ Answer: C

17. Which factor does NOT affect agricultural productivity?

A. Climate

B. Soil

C. Irrigation

D. Latitude of other countries

✅ Answer: D

18. Which farming system requires high investment of capital and labour?

A. Shifting farming

B. Subsistence farming

C. Plantation farming

D. Dry farming

✅ Answer: C

19. Which crop is sown with the onset of monsoon?

A. Wheat

B. Gram

C. Rice

D. Barley

✅ Answer: C

20. Which crop is known as a “commercial crop”?

A. Bajra

B. Rice

C. Cotton

D. Maize

✅ Answer: C

21. Which crop is mainly grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of India?

A. Wheat

B. Sugarcane

C. Barley

D. Gram

✅ Answer: B

22. Which soil is rich in humus and suitable for agriculture?

A. Desert soil

B. Mountain soil

C. Alluvial soil

D. Laterite soil

✅ Answer: C

23. Which agricultural activity helps in soil conservation?

A. Over-irrigation

B. Monocropping

C. Crop rotation

D. Excessive use of fertilizers

✅ Answer: C

24. Which crop is grown using terrace farming?

A. Rice

B. Wheat

C. Tea

D. Barley

✅ Answer: A

25. Which of the following is a millet crop?

A. Rice

B. Wheat

C. Bajra

D. Sugarcane

✅ Answer: C

ASSERTION – REASON QUESTIONS

A. Both A and R are true & R explains A

B. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A

C. A is true, R is false

D. A is false, R is true

1. Assertion (A): India is a major producer of rice.

Reason (R): Rice requires high temperature and high rainfall.

✅ Answer: B

2. Assertion (A): Wheat is grown in the winter season.

Reason (R): Wheat requires low temperature during sowing and high temperature during ripening.

✅ Answer: A

3. Assertion (A): Millets are called nutritious cereals.

Reason (R): They are rich in fibre, iron and other minerals.

✅ Answer: A

4. Assertion (A): Plantation farming is capital intensive.

Reason (R): It requires cheap labour only.

✅ Answer: C

5. Assertion (A): Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy.

Reason (R): More than half of India’s population depends on agriculture.

✅ Answer: A

 MAP-BASED QUESTIONS: - On the outline political map of India, locate and label:

Major Crop Producing Areas

Rice –

West Bengal / Andhra Pradesh

Wheat –

Punjab / Haryana / Uttar Pradesh

Cotton –

Maharashtra / Gujarat

Jute –

West Bengal

Tea –

 Assam / West Bengal (Darjeeling)

Coffee –

Karnataka

Geography, Chapter 3: Water Resources MCQs, Assertion–Reason Questions, Map based questions

Geography, Chapter 2:  Water Resources

MCQs,  Assertion–Reason Questions, Map based questions 

 MCQs

1. The main cause of water scarcity in India is

A. Low rainfall

B. Uneven distribution of water

C. Over-exploitation of water resources

D. All of the above

Ans: D

2. Which sector uses the maximum water in India?

A. Industrial

B. Domestic

C. Agricultural

D. Transport

Ans: C

3. Multipurpose river valley projects are meant for

A. Irrigation

B. Electricity generation

C. Flood control

D. All of these

Ans: D

4. Bhakra Nangal Project is built on river

A. Ganga

B. Sutlej

C. Yamuna

D. Godavari

Ans: B

5. Tehri Dam is located in

A. Himachal Pradesh

B. Uttarakhand

C. Jammu & Kashmir

D. Sikkim

Ans: B

6. Rainwater harvesting helps in

A. Increasing floods

B. Groundwater recharge

C. River pollution

D. Soil erosion

Ans: B

7. ‘Johads’ are traditional water harvesting structures found in

A. Gujarat

B. Rajasthan

C. Himachal Pradesh

D. Tamil Nadu

Ans: B

8. ‘Kuls’ are used for irrigation in

A. Rajasthan

B. Punjab

C. Himachal Pradesh

D. Assam

Ans: C

9. One major drawback of multipurpose projects is

A. Electricity generation

B. Irrigation

C. Displacement of people

D. Flood control

Ans: C

10. Narmada Bachao Andolan is related to

A. Ganga river

B. Sutlej river

C. Narmada river

D. Godavari river

Ans: C

11. Which of the following causes water pollution?

A. Industrial waste

B. Agricultural chemicals

C. Domestic sewage

D. All of the above

Ans: D

12. Over-extraction of groundwater is common in

A. Rural areas

B. Forest areas

C. Urban areas

D. Coastal areas

Ans: C

13. Which state made rainwater harvesting compulsory?

A. Kerala

B. Punjab

C. Tamil Nadu

D. Rajasthan

Ans: C

14. Water scarcity affects

A. Agriculture

B. Industries

C. Human life

D. All of these

Ans: D

15. Large dams were called the “Temples of Modern India” by

A. Mahatma Gandhi

B. Jawaharlal Nehru

C. B. R. Ambedkar

D. Subhas Chandra Bose

Ans: B

16. Sustainable use of water resources means

A. Overuse of water

B. Conservation of water

C. Industrialisation

D. Urbanisation

Ans: B

17. The oldest method of irrigation is

A. Canals

B. Tubewells

C. Wells

D. Dams

Ans: C

18. Which is NOT a benefit of rainwater harvesting?

A. Groundwater recharge

B. Flood control

C. Water conservation

D. Water pollution

Ans: D

19.Water scarcity is severe in

A. Himalayan region

B. Coastal region

C. Arid and semi-arid regions

D. Delta region

Ans: C

20. Water disputes mainly arise due to

A. Excess rainfall

B. Unequal distribution of water

C. Floods

D. Pollution

Ans: B

21. Industrial waste is often discharged into

A. Fields

B. Roads

C. Rivers

D. Forests

Ans: C

22. Excessive use of water leads to

A. Conservation

B. Scarcity

C. Sustainability

D. Recharge

Ans: B

23. Dams negatively affect

A. Environment

B. Local communities

C. Wildlife

D. All of these

Ans: D

24. The best method to conserve water is

A. Building more dams

B. Rainwater harvesting

C. River linking

D. Industrial expansion

Ans: B

25. Proper management of water resources leads to

A. Exploitation

B. Development

C. Sustainable development

D. Urbanisation

Ans: C

26. Which factor has intensified water scarcity in recent years?

A. Seasonal rainfall

B. Industrialisation and urbanisation

C. Forest cover

D. Traditional irrigation

Ans: B

27. The major aim of multipurpose river valley projects is to

A. Control floods only

B. Generate electricity only

C. Promote integrated development

D. Increase rainfall

Ans: C

28. Which of the following is a social impact of large dams?

A. Soil erosion

B. Loss of biodiversity

C. Displacement of people

D. Water pollution

Ans: C

29. The term “water stress” refers to

A. Excess availability of water

B. Scarcity of water resources

C. High rainfall

D. Flood situation

Ans: B

30. Which traditional water harvesting system is used in western Rajasthan?

A. Kul

B. Johad

C. Ahar-Pyne

D. Surangam

Ans: B

31. Ahar-Pyne system is mainly found in

A. Rajasthan

B. Tamil Nadu

C. Bihar

D. Kerala

Ans: C

32. Which river valley project is the oldest multipurpose project in India?

A. Bhakra Nangal

B. Hirakud

C. Damodar Valley

D. Tehri

Ans: C

33. Large dams have failed to control floods because

A. They reduce rainfall

B. They increase siltation

C. They promote irrigation

D. They store water

Ans: B

34. Which of the following leads to lowering of the water table?

A. Rainwater harvesting

B. Over-irrigation

C. Afforestation

D. Canal irrigation

Ans: B

35. Water pollution is caused when

A. Clean water flows in rivers

B. Untreated sewage enters water bodies

C. Rainwater is stored

D. Water is recycled

Ans: B

36. Which of the following is an environmental consequence of dams?

A. Increased crop yield

B. Submergence of forests

C. Electricity generation

D. Irrigation facilities

Ans: B

37. Which state promotes rooftop rainwater harvesting in urban areas?

A. Punjab

B. Haryana

C. Tamil Nadu

D. Assam

Ans: C

38. Which of the following is the most effective long-term solution to water scarcity?

A. Building more dams

B. Transferring river water

C. Water conservation and management

D. Excess groundwater use

Ans: C

39. The overuse of chemical fertilisers affects water resources by

A. Increasing rainfall

B. Improving groundwater quality

C. Causing water pollution

D. Conserving water

Ans: C

40. Which of the following is a major criticism of large dams?

A. High cost

B. Long construction period

C. Ecological imbalance

D. All of these

Ans: D

41. Water scarcity can exist even in areas of

A. Low rainfall

B. High rainfall

C. Desert regions

D. Plateau regions

Ans: B

42. Which one of the following promotes sustainable water use?

A. Excess irrigation

B. Water-intensive crops

C. Rainwater harvesting

D. River pollution

Ans: C

43. The biggest source of water pollution in rivers is

A. Agricultural runoff

B. Industrial effluents

C. Domestic sewage

D. Mining waste

Ans: C

44. Which crop requires maximum water?

A. Wheat

B. Rice

C. Pulses

D. Millets

Ans: B

45. Which of the following best defines water conservation?

A. Storing water in dams

B. Judicious use of water

C. Using groundwater freely

D. Increasing water consumption

Ans: B

46. Which region faces seasonal water scarcity?

A. Desert regions

B. Areas with irregular rainfall

C. Coastal plains

D. Delta regions

Ans: B

47. The major reason for declining groundwater levels in cities is

A. Traditional wells

B. Excess use of tube wells

C. Rainfall

D. River water

Ans: B

48. Which river project is associated with Odisha?

A. Bhakra Nangal

B. Tehri

C. Hirakud

D. Sardar Sarovar

Ans: C

49. Water disputes between states arise mainly due to

A. Climate change

B. Unequal access to water

C. Floods

D. Cyclones

Ans: B

50. Which one is NOT a traditional water harvesting system?

A. Johad

B. Kul

C. Tanka

D. Tube well

Ans: D

51. Which factor does NOT contribute to water scarcity?

A. Population growth

B. Industrialisation

C. Water conservation

D. Urbanisation

Ans: C

52. Excessive dam construction affects rivers by

A. Increasing natural flow

B. Interrupting sediment flow

C. Reducing evaporation

D. Improving biodiversity

Ans: B

54. Which practice helps in improving groundwater recharge?

A. Paving open land

B. Rainwater harvesting

C. Excess pumping

D. Industrial waste disposal

Ans: B

55. Which of the following is a demand-side solution to water scarcity?

A. Building reservoirs

B. Water conservation

C. River linking

D. Dam construction

Ans: B

56. Sustainable water management aims at

A. Maximum water use

B. Long-term availability of water

C. Short-term benefits

D. Industrial expansion

Ans: B

ASSERTION – REASON QUESTIONS (10)

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation

C. A is true but R is false

D. A is false but R is true

1. A: Water scarcity is increasing in India.

R: Water resources are being over-exploited.

Ans: A

2. A: Dams help in economic development.

R: They provide irrigation and hydroelectric power.

Ans: A

3. A: Multipurpose projects are opposed by many people.

R: They cause displacement of local communities.

Ans: A

4. A: Rainwater harvesting is necessary.

R: Groundwater level is declining.

Ans: A

5. A: Industrialisation leads to water pollution.

R: Industries discharge untreated waste into rivers.

Ans: A

6. A: Water resources are unlimited.

R: Water cycle continues naturally.

Ans: D

7. A: Traditional water harvesting systems were effective.

R: They were suited to local conditions.

Ans: A

8. A: Urban areas face severe water scarcity.

R: There is excessive extraction of groundwater.

Ans: A

9. A: Agriculture uses very little water.

R: Irrigation requires large amount of water.

Ans: D

10. A: Sustainable development is essential.

R: Resources must be conserved for future generations.

Ans: A

MAP-BASED IDENTIFICATION QUESTIONS (INDIA MAP)

Q1. On the political map of India, a dam marked on the Sutlej River in Punjab–Himachal region is

A. Tehri Dam

B. Bhakra Nangal Dam

C. Hirakud Dam

D. Sardar Sarovar Dam

Ans: B

Q2. Identify the dam marked on the Mahanadi River in Odisha.

A. Bhakra

B. Tehri

C. Hirakud

D. Nagarjuna Sagar

Ans: C

Q3. A dam marked in Uttarakhand on the Bhagirathi River is

A. Hirakud

B. Tehri

C. Sardar Sarovar

D. Rihand

Ans: B

Q4. Which dam is marked on the Narmada River in Gujarat–Madhya Pradesh region?

A. Bhakra Nangal

B. Nagarjuna Sagar

C. Sardar Sarovar

D. Tehri

Ans: C

Q5. Identify the dam built on the Krishna River marked in Telangana–Andhra Pradesh region.

A. Hirakud

B. Nagarjuna Sagar

C. Bhakra

D. Tehri

Ans: B

Q6. A dam marked on the Damodar River in Jharkhand–West Bengal is

A. Tehri

B. Bhakra

C. Damodar Valley Project

D. Sardar Sarovar

Ans: C

Geography, Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources 50 MCQs, Assertion–Reason Questions

Geography, Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources 

50 MCQs,  Assertion–Reason Questions 

1. Species which are on the verge of extinction are called:

a) Normal species

b) Endemic species

c) Endangered species

d) Rare species

✅ Ans: c

2. Which of the following is an extinct species?

a) Asiatic Lion

b) Dodo

c) Tiger

d) Rhino

✅ Ans: b

3. Species found only in a particular region are known as:

a) Endangered

b) Rare

c) Endemic

d) Extinct

✅ Ans: c

4. Which movement was related to forest conservation?

a) Narmada Bachao Andolan

b) Chipko Movement

c) Quit India Movement

d) Swadeshi Movement

✅ Ans: b

5. The main cause of depletion of forests is:

a) Rainfall

b) Deforestation

c) Conservation

d) Plantation

✅ Ans: b

6. Sacred Groves are protected due to:

a) Government law

b) Economic value

c) Religious beliefs

d) Tourism

✅ Ans: c

7. Which of the following is a normal species?

a) Tiger

b) Cow

c) Asiatic Lion

d) Rhino

✅ Ans: b

8. Which project was launched to protect tigers in India?

a) Project Lion

b) Project Rhino

c) Project Tiger

d) Project Elephant

✅ Ans: c

9. Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in:

a) 1951

b) 1965

c) 1972

d) 1985

✅ Ans: c

10. Which of the following leads to forest degradation?

a) Plantation

b) Overgrazing

c) Conservation

d) Afforestation

✅ Ans: b

11. Which state has the largest forest cover in India?

a) Rajasthan

b) Madhya Pradesh

c) Punjab

d) Haryana

✅ Ans: b

12. Biodiversity refers to:

a) Forest land only

b) Animal species only

c) Variety of plant and animal life

d) Plantation

✅ Ans: c

13. Which of the following is a rare species?

a) Tiger

b) Asiatic Elephant

c) Himalayan Brown Bear

d) Cow

✅ Ans: c

14. Joint Forest Management involves:

a) Government only

b) Industries

c) Local communities

d) Private companies

✅ Ans: c

15. Which activity causes maximum forest loss?

a) Agriculture expansion

b) Rainfall

c) Conservation

d) Plantation

✅ Ans: a

16. Which of the following is not a cause of forest depletion?

a) Mining

b) Urbanisation

c) Industrialisation

d) Afforestation

✅ Ans: d

17. Forests help in:

a) Increasing pollution

b) Soil erosion

c) Maintaining ecological balance

d) Industrial growth

✅ Ans: c

18. Which species has already disappeared from Earth?

a) Dodo

b) Tiger

c) Lion

d) Elephant

✅ Ans: a

19. Fuelwood collection leads to:

a) Conservation

b) Forest degradation

c) Rainfall increase

d) Biodiversity growth

✅ Ans: b

20. Which of the following is an endangered species?

a) Cow

b) Dog

c) Tiger

d) Goat

✅ Ans: c

21. Forests control climate by:

a) Increasing heat

b) Reducing rainfall

c) Maintaining temperature

d) Causing pollution

✅ Ans: c

22. Overgrazing results in:

a) Soil erosion

b) Afforestation

c) Conservation

d) Rainfall

✅ Ans: a

23. Which of the following is NOT wildlife?

a) Tiger

b) Deer

c) Cow

d) Lion

✅ Ans: c

24. Forests are renewable resources because:

a) They never finish

b) They can be regenerated

c) They are cheap

d) They grow fast everywhere

✅ Ans: b

25. Mining affects forests because:

a) Trees grow faster

b) Large areas are cleared

c) Rainfall increases

d) Wildlife increases

✅ Ans: b

26. Which is a protected area for wildlife?

a) Industrial zone

b) Wildlife sanctuary

c) Agricultural field

d) Urban area

✅ Ans: b

27. Which forest category is most restricted?

a) Reserved forests

b) Protected forests

c) Unclassed forests

d) Private forests

✅ Ans: a

28. Which of the following is an endemic species of India?

a) Kangaroo

b) Nilgiri Tahr

c) Panda

d) Polar Bear

✅ Ans: b

29. Forests help agriculture by:

a) Destroying soil

b) Maintaining water cycle

c) Increasing pollution

d) Reducing fertility

✅ Ans: b

30. Which of the following causes habitat destruction?

a) Conservation

b) Deforestation

c) Plantation

d) Protection

✅ Ans: b

31. Wildlife conservation helps in:

a) Loss of species

b) Genetic diversity

c) Pollution

d) Urbanisation

✅ Ans: b

32. Which forest movement involved hugging trees?

a) Appiko

b) Chipko

c) Silent Valley

d) Jungle Bachao

✅ Ans: b

33. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of forests?

a) Oxygen supply

b) Soil conservation

c) Pollution

d) Biodiversity

✅ Ans: c

34. Which group depends directly on forests?

a) Industrialists

b) Tribal communities

c) Tourists

d) Urban people

✅ Ans: b

35. What does conservation mean?

a) Destruction

b) Careful use of resources

c) Overuse

d) Ignoring nature

✅ Ans: b

36. Which animal is protected under Project Elephant?

a) Lion

b) Tiger

c) Elephant

d) Rhino

✅ Ans: c

37. Which factor increases forest cover in India?

a) Mining

b) Plantation

c) Urbanisation

d) Industrialisation

✅ Ans: b

38. Which of the following is a man-made cause of forest loss?

a) Earthquake

b) Cyclone

c) Agriculture expansion

d) Flood

✅ Ans: c

39. Forests prevent floods by:

a) Increasing runoff

b) Absorbing rainwater

c) Blocking rivers

d) Reducing rainfall

✅ Ans: b

40. Wildlife includes:

a) Only animals

b) Only birds

c) All wild plants and animals

d) Domestic animals

✅ Ans: c

41. Which forest type is most valuable?

a) Unclassed forest

b) Reserved forest

c) Open land

d) Agricultural land

✅ Ans: b

42. Deforestation leads to:

a) Soil fertility

b) Ecological imbalance

c) More rainfall

d) Biodiversity growth

✅ Ans: b

43. Which species population is declining rapidly?

a) Normal

b) Endangered

c) Domestic

d) Common

✅ Ans: b

44. Which organisation protects forests in India?

a) Police

b) Forest Department

c) Army

d) Panchayat

✅ Ans: b

45. Which activity promotes conservation?

a) Overgrazing

b) Mining

c) Afforestation

d) Deforestation

✅ Ans: c

46. Which is NOT a reason for biodiversity loss?

a) Pollution

b) Habitat destruction

c) Conservation

d) Overexploitation

✅ Ans: c

47. Forests are called green lungs because they:

a) Release carbon dioxide

b) Absorb oxygen

c) Absorb carbon dioxide

d) Increase pollution

✅ Ans: c

48. Which forest area is least protected?

a) Reserved forest

b) Protected forest

c) Unclassed forest

d) National park

✅ Ans: c

49. Conservation is important because:

a) Resources are unlimited

b) Resources are limited

c) Nature destroys itself

d) Development stops

✅ Ans: b

50. Which of the following best describes sustainable development?

a) Overuse of resources

b) Ignoring future needs

c) Development without harming nature

d) Industrial growth only

✅ Ans: c

 Assertion – Reason Questions

(Options: a) Both A & R are true and R explains A

b) Both A & R are true but R does not explain A

c) A is true, R is false

d) A is false, R is true)

1. A: Forests maintain ecological balance.

R: Forests support biodiversity and climate regulation.

✅ Ans: a

2. A: Deforestation causes soil erosion.

R: Tree roots hold the soil together.

✅ Ans: a

3. A: Sacred Groves are still found in India.

R: Local communities protect them due to religious beliefs.

✅ Ans: a

4. A: Biodiversity is important for human survival.

R: It provides food, medicine and oxygen.

✅ Ans: a

5. A: Industrialisation helps forest conservation.

R: Industries destroy natural habitats.

✅ Ans: d

6. A: Joint Forest Management has failed.

R: It involves local people in conservation.

✅ Ans: d

7. A: Wildlife protection is unnecessary today.

R: Many species are endangered.

✅ Ans: d

8. A: Overgrazing damages forests.

R: It destroys young plants.

✅ Ans: a

9. A: Project Tiger was launched to increase tiger population.

R: Tigers were declining rapidly.

✅ Ans: a

10. A: Conservation ensures resources for future generations.

R: Natural resources are limited.

✅ Ans: a

Geography – Chapter 1: Resources and Development EXAM-ORIENTED IMPORTANT QUESTIONS As per CBSE Board Exam Pattern 2026 Includes MCQs, Assertion–Reason & Map-based questions

Geography – Chapter 1: Resources and Development

EXAM-ORIENTED IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

As per CBSE Board Exam Pattern 2026

Includes MCQs, Assertion–Reason & Map-based questions

1. Everything available in the environment which can be used to satisfy human needs is called

A. Utility

B. Resource

C. Technology

D. Capital

✅ Answer: B

2. Which of the following is NOT a resource?

A. Water

B. Minerals

C. Human beings

D. Technology

✅ Answer: D

3. On the basis of origin, resources are classified into

A. Renewable and Non-renewable

B. Biotic and Abiotic

C. Individual and Community

D. National and International

✅ Answer: B

4. Coal is an example of

A. Renewable resource

B. Biotic resource

C. Non-renewable resource

D. Human-made resource

✅ Answer: C

5. Resources which are owned privately by individuals are called

A. National resources

B. Community resources

C. Individual resources

D. International resources

✅ Answer: C

6. Which of the following is a biotic resource?

A. Iron ore

B. Soil

C. Water

D. Forest

✅ Answer: D

7. Which resource can be replenished naturally?

A. Petroleum

B. Coal

C. Wind energy

D. Minerals

✅ Answer: C

8. Resources which are found but not fully used are called

A. Developed resources

B. Stock

C. Potential resources

D. Reserves

✅ Answer: C

9. The total quantity of resource available in nature is called

A. Reserve

B. Stock

C. Potential

D. Developed

✅ Answer: B

10. Which of the following is a human-made resource?

A. Soil

B. Forest

C. Buildings

D. Water

✅ Answer: C

11. Sustainable development means

A. Maximum use of resources

B. Development without harming future needs

C. Industrial development only

D. Use of non-renewable resources

✅ Answer: B

12. Which practice supports sustainable development?

A. Over-irrigation

B. Deforestation

C. Resource conservation

D. Excessive mining

✅ Answer: C

13. The idea of sustainable development was popularised by

A. Brundtland Commission

B. UNO

C. World Bank

D. IMF

✅ Answer: A

14. Which factor is essential to make a substance a resource?

A. Availability

B. Utility

C. Quantity

D. Price

✅ Answer: B

15. Which of the following is an abiotic resource?

A. Fish

B. Forest

C. Water

D. Animals

✅ Answer: C

16. Resources which belong to the country are called

A. Individual resources

B. Community resources

C. National resources

D. International resources

✅ Answer: C

17. Ocean resources beyond 200 nautical miles fall under

A. National resources

B. Community resources

C. Individual resources

D. International resources

✅ Answer: D

18. Which resource is owned by the community?

A. Private well

B. Grazing land

C. Plantation

D. Factory

✅ Answer: B

19. Resources whose quantity is known but are not being used are

A. Stock

B. Reserves

C. Potential

D. Developed

✅ Answer: C

20. Which resource is a part of stock?

A. Wind energy

B. Petroleum

C. Solar energy

D. Water in dams

✅ Answer: B

21. Which factor is essential to make a substance a resource?
A. Availability
B. Utility
C. Quantity
D. Price
✅ Answer: B

22. Which of the following is an abiotic resource?
A. Fish
B. Forest
C. Water
D. Animals
✅ Answer: C

23. Resources which belong to the country are called
A. Individual resources
B. Community resources
C. National resources
D. International resources
✅ Answer: C

24. Ocean resources beyond 200 nautical miles fall under
A. National resources
B. Community resources
C. Individual resources
D. International resources
✅ Answer: D

25. Which resource is owned by the community?
A. Private well
B. Grazing land
C. Plantation
D. Factory
✅ Answer: B

26. Resources whose quantity is known but are not being used are

A. Stock
B. Reserves
C. Potential
D. Developed
✅ Answer: C

27. Which resource is a part of stock?
A. Wind energy
B. Petroleum
C. Solar energy
D. Water in dams
✅ Answer: B

28. Reserves differ from stock because reserves
A. Cannot be used
B. Can be used with existing technology
C. Are unlimited
D. Are renewable
✅ Answer: B

29. Which is a developed resource?
A. Wind energy in Rajasthan
B. Uranium in Ladakh
C. Minerals whose quantity is surveyed
D. Water in oceans
✅ Answer: C

30. Which is a renewable resource?

A. Coal
B. Petroleum
C. Natural gas
D. Solar energy
✅ Answer: D

31. Fossil fuels are classified as
A. Renewable
B. Biotic
C. Non-renewable
D. Human-made
✅ Answer: C

32. Which non-renewable resource is most used in India?
A. Coal
B. Uranium
C. Gold
D. Copper
✅ Answer: A

33. The main aim of sustainable development is to

A. Increase production
B. Conserve resources
C. Meet present needs without harming future needs
D. Promote industries
✅ Answer: C

34. Which activity supports sustainable development?
A. Deforestation
B. Mining without planning
C. Rainwater harvesting
D. Over-irrigation
✅ Answer: C

35. Resource planning is necessary because
A. Resources are unlimited
B. Resources are unevenly distributed
C. All resources are renewable
D. India has surplus resources
✅ Answer: B

36. Which soil is ideal for cotton cultivation?

A. Alluvial
B. Red
C. Black
D. Laterite
✅ Answer: C

37. Alluvial soil is mainly found in
A. Peninsular Plateau
B. Northern Plains
C. Coastal Plains
D. Thar Desert
✅ Answer: B

38. Which soil is rich in iron?
A. Black soil
B. Alluvial soil
C. Red soil
D. Laterite soil
✅ Answer: C

39. Laterite soil develops in areas with
A. Low rainfall
B. Moderate rainfall
C. Heavy rainfall
D. Desert climate
✅ Answer: C

40. Soil erosion is mainly caused by
A. Afforestation
B. Over-irrigation
C. Ploughing
D. Terrace farming
✅ Answer: B

41. Which method reduces soil erosion on steep slopes?

A. Strip cropping
B. Terrace farming
C. Shelter belts
D. Mulching
✅ Answer: B

42. Planting trees in rows to check wind erosion is called
A. Contour ploughing
B. Terrace farming
C. Shelter belts
D. Crop rotation
✅ Answer: C

43. Contour ploughing is practiced on
A. Plains
B. Plateaus
C. Slopes
D. Deserts
✅ Answer: C

44. Overgrazing leads to
A. Soil formation
B. Soil conservation
C. Soil erosion
D. Afforestation
✅ Answer: C

45. Which soil is known as Regur soil?
A. Red soil
B. Black soil
C. Alluvial soil
D. Laterite soil

✅ Answer: B. 

46. Which is a developed resource?

A. Wind energy in Rajasthan

B. Uranium in Ladakh

C. Minerals whose quantity is surveyed

D. Water in oceans

✅ Answer: C

47. Which is a renewable resource?

A. Coal

B. Petroleum

C. Natural gas

D. Solar energy

✅ Answer: D

48. Fossil fuels are classified as

A. Renewable

B. Biotic

C. Non-renewable

D. Human-made

✅ Answer: C

49. Which non-renewable resource is most used in India?

A. Coal

B. Uranium

C. Gold

D. Copper

✅ Answer: A

50. The main aim of sustainable development is to

A. Increase production

B. Conserve resources

C. Meet present needs without harming future needs

D. Promote industries

✅ Answer: C

51. Which activity supports sustainable development?

A. Deforestation

B. Mining without planning

C. Rainwater harvesting

D. Over-irrigation

✅ Answer: C

52. Resource planning is necessary because

A. Resources are unlimited

B. Resources are unevenly distributed

C. All resources are renewable

D. India has surplus resources

✅ Answer: B

53. Which soil is ideal for cotton cultivation?

A. Alluvial

B. Red

C. Black

D. Laterite

✅ Answer: C

54. Alluvial soil is mainly found in

A. Peninsular Plateau

B. Northern Plains

C. Coastal Plains

D. Thar Desert

✅ Answer: B

55. Which soil is rich in iron?

A. Black soil

B. Alluvial soil

C. Red soil

D. Laterite soil

✅ Answer: C

56. Laterite soil develops in areas with

A. Low rainfall

B. Moderate rainfall

C. Heavy rainfall

D. Desert climate

✅ Answer: C

58. Soil erosion is mainly caused by

A. Afforestation

B. Over-irrigation

C. Ploughing

D. Terrace farming

✅ Answer: B

59. Which method reduces soil erosion on steep slopes?

A. Strip cropping

B. Terrace farming

C. Shelter belts

D. Mulching

✅ Answer: B

60. Planting trees in rows to check wind erosion is called

A. Contour ploughing

B. Terrace farming

C. Shelter belts

D. Crop rotation

✅ Answer: C

61. Contour ploughing is practiced on

A. Plains

B. Plateaus

C. Slopes

D. Deserts

✅ Answer: C

62. Overgrazing leads to

A. Soil formation

B. Soil conservation

C. Soil erosion

D. Afforestation

✅ Answer: C

63. Which soil is known as Regur soil?

A. Red soil

B. Black soil

C. Alluvial soil

D. Laterite soil

✅ Answer: B

ASSERTION – REASON QUESTIONS

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation

B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation

C. A is true but R is false

D. A is false but R is true

64. Assertion (A): Resources are unevenly distributed over the earth.

Reason (R): Physical and human factors differ from place to place.

✅ Answer: A

65. Assertion (A): Non-renewable resources take millions of years to form.

Reason (R): They can be replenished easily.

✅ Answer: C

66. Assertion (A): Human beings are essential components of resources.

Reason (R): They transform natural resources into usable form.

✅ Answer: A

67. Assertion (A): Sustainable development ignores environmental protection.

Reason (R): It focuses only on present needs.

✅ Answer: D

✅ Answer: C

MAP-BASED QUESTIONS (VERY IMPORTANT)

Map Work: Major Soils of India

• On the outline map of India, locate and label:
• Alluvial Soil – Northern Plains
• Black Soil – Maharashtra / Deccan Plateau
• Red Soil – Tamil Nadu / Karnataka
• Laterite Soil – Western Ghats
• Soil Erosion Control (Identification Type)

Picture/Map-based Question:

Which method of soil conservation is shown?

A. Terrace farming

B. Strip cropping

C. Contour ploughing

D. Shelter belts

✅ Correct answers depend on picture

(Terrace farming & Contour ploughing are MOST IMPORTANT for boards)