Class 10 Civics – Chapter 3: Gender, Religion and Caste

 Class 10 Civics – Chapter 3: Gender, Religion and Caste

SET-1

Section A – MCQs (1×4=4)

Which of the following is a form of gender division?

a) Equal wages for men and women

b) Unequal wages for the same work

c) Women in politics

d) Reservation for women in Panchayats

Which Constitutional right prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth?

a) Right to Freedom

b) Right to Equality

c) Right to Education

d) Right to Constitutional Remedies

Which social reformer worked for the upliftment of women in India?

a) B.R. Ambedkar

b) Mahatma Gandhi

c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

What percentage of seats in local government bodies in India is reserved for women?

a) 20%

b) 25%

c) 33%

d) 50%

Section B – Very Short Answer (2×2=4)

What is feminist movement? (2 marks)

State two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state. (2 marks)

Section C – Short Answer (1×3=3)

Describe three ways in which caste inequalities exist in modern India. (3 marks)

Section D – Long Answer (1×5=5)

“Gender division is not based on biology but on social expectations and stereotypes.” Explain the statement with suitable examples. (5 marks)

Section E – Case Study (1×4=4)

Read the passage carefully and answer the following:

The Indian Constitution prohibits caste-based discrimination and provides equal opportunities for all. Despite this, caste continues to play a significant role in politics. Political parties often select candidates from different castes to win elections. Sometimes, caste divisions lead to vote-bank politics, but in the long run, it has helped people from marginalized communities to gain political power.

Questions:

a) What does the Indian Constitution prohibit regarding caste? (1 mark)

b) Why do political parties give importance to caste in elections? (1 mark)

c) How has caste in politics also contributed positively? (2 marks)

Set – 2

Section A – MCQs (1×4=4)

Gender division is usually understood as:

a) Biological difference between men and women

b) Unequal roles assigned by society

c) Political equality

d) Economic equality

Which of these is an instance of women empowerment?

a) Unequal wages

b) Child marriage

c) Women reservation in Panchayats

d) Female foeticide

Which Article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to equality?

a) Article 14

b) Article 19

c) Article 21

d) Article 32

Which of the following is an example of secularism?

a) Government giving preference to one religion

b) Equal treatment of all religions by the state

c) Promotion of majority religion

d) Ban on minority religion

Section B – Very Short (2×2=4)

What is the meaning of secular state?

Write two provisions made by the Constitution for the upliftment of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

Section C – Short (3 marks)

Mention three reasons why women’s participation in politics in India is very low.

Section D – Long (5 marks)

Explain how caste inequalities have changed in India after independence.

Section E – Case Study (4 marks)

Case: The 73rd Amendment Act made it mandatory to reserve one-third seats for women in local government institutions. This has increased women’s role in decision-making at the village and town level.

Questions:

a) Which amendment gave reservation to women in Panchayati Raj? (1)

b) What percentage of seats are reserved for women? (1)

c) How has this step helped in women empowerment? (2)

Set – 3

Section A – MCQs (4)

Which one of the following movements is associated with women’s rights?

a) Civil Rights Movement

b) Feminist Movement

c) Quit India Movement

d) Non-Cooperation Movement

The caste system in India was based on:

a) Wealth

b) Occupation

c) Religion only

d) Education

Who among the following fought against caste discrimination?

a) Jawaharlal Nehru

b) B.R. Ambedkar

c) Sardar Patel

d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

In which year did India adopt its Constitution?

a) 1947

b) 1949

c) 1950

d) 1952

Section B – Very Short (2×2=4)

What is the feminist movement?

Mention any two constitutional provisions that ensure secularism in India.

Section C – Short (3 marks)

Explain any three forms in which caste continues to exist in India today.

Section D – Long (5 marks)

How does religion influence politics? Give arguments for and against.

Section E – Case Study (4 marks)

Case: Indian society has seen deep-rooted caste inequalities. With time, political mobilization on caste lines has taken place. While it has sometimes divided people, it has also given political power to marginalized communities like Dalits and OBCs.

Questions:

a) Which groups gained power through caste-based politics? (1)

b) How can caste-based politics divide society? (1)

c) Explain two positive impacts of caste in politics. (2)

Set – 4

Section A – MCQs (4)

Which of the following is a challenge to democracy?

a) Gender equality

b) Caste inequality

c) Secularism

d) Social justice

Who started the Brahmo Samaj to fight social evils?

a) Swami Vivekananda

b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

c) Dayanand Saraswati

d) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

The percentage of women in the Lok Sabha has never crossed:

a) 10%

b) 15%

c) 20%

d) 25%

Which of the following is not a secular feature of Indian Constitution?

a) Freedom of religion

b) State religion is Hinduism

c) No religious instruction in government schools

d) Equality of all religions

Section B – Very Short (2×2=4)

State any two provisions made to remove gender inequality in India.

What does caste inequality mean?

Section C – Short (3 marks)

Why is religion often involved in politics in India? Explain any three reasons.

Section D – Long (5 marks)

Describe the role of caste in Indian politics with examples.

Section E – Case Study (4 marks)

Case: The Indian Constitution provides every person the right to follow the religion of their choice. The state cannot favor any one religion nor discriminate against any religion. However, in some cases, religion has been used in politics to mobilize people and win elections.

Questions:

a) Which right allows Indians to follow any religion? (1)

b) Can the state favor one religion in India? (1)

c) Explain two ways in which religion can be misused in politics. (2)

Set – 5

Section A – MCQs (4)

Reservation of seats in local bodies for women has led to:

a) Gender inequality

b) Women empowerment

c) Decline in women’s participation

d) None of the above

Which of these is a correct secular principle?

a) Religion guides state policies

b) State has its own religion

c) No official religion of the state

d) Religion decides law-making

The caste system was supported by:

a) Modern education

b) Industrialisation

c) Hindu religious beliefs in past

d) Constitution of India

Who was the leader of the Dalit movement and the architect of the Indian Constitution?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) B.R. Ambedkar

c) Jawaharlal Nehru

d) Subhas Chandra Bose

Section B – Very Short (2×2=4)

What do you understand by gender division?

Mention two forms of caste inequalities seen in everyday life.

Section C – Short (3 marks)

Explain three challenges of secularism in India.

Section D – Long (5 marks)

How does gender division affect Indian politics? Suggest ways to improve women’s participation.

Section E – Case Study (4 marks)

Case: In India, women face discrimination in terms of education, health, and job opportunities. But reservation in Panchayati Raj institutions has enabled them to enter public life. Today, women sarpanchs are playing an important role in local development.

Questions:

a) Mention one area where women face discrimination. (1)

b) How has Panchayati Raj helped women? (1)

c) Give two examples of how women leaders can change society. (2)

Set – 6

Section A – MCQs (4)

Which one of the following is not a basis of social division in India?

a) Gender

b) Language

c) Height

d) Caste

The percentage of reservation for women in Panchayati Raj is:

a) 25%

b) 33%

c) 50%

d) 20%

Which Article of the Constitution ensures freedom of religion?

a) Article 19

b) Article 25

c) Article 32

d) Article 17

The caste system assigns social status:

a) Based on birth

b) Based on education

c) Based on wealth

d) Based on age

Section B – Very Short (2×2=4)

What do you mean by casteism?

Give two reasons why women’s representation in Indian politics is low.

Section C – Short (3 marks)

“Caste inequalities are still present in India.” Explain with three examples.

Section D – Long (5 marks)

“Gender, religion, and caste are major forms of social division in India.” Explain with examples.

Section E – Case Study (4 marks)

Case: In India, discrimination on the basis of caste, gender, or religion is prohibited. Yet, caste-based marriages, dowry system, and communal riots still occur. These practices weaken democracy and harm equality.

Questions:

a) Which types of discrimination are prohibited by the Constitution? (1)

b) Give one example of gender-based discrimination. (1)

c) Suggest two ways to promote equality in Indian society. (2)

Class 10 Civics – Chapter 2: Federalism

Class 10 Civics – Chapter 2: Federalism

Set – 1

Section A – MCQs (1×4=4)

The Constitution of India came into effect on:

a) 26 January 1950

b) 15 August 1947

c) 26 November 1949

d) 2 October 1952

The system of local government in rural areas is known as:

a) Nagar Nigam

b) Panchayati Raj

c) Zila Parishad

d) Municipality

Which of the following is in the State List?

a) Defence

b) Foreign affairs

c) Police

d) Railways

Which country has a unitary system of government?

a) India

b) USA

c) Belgium

d) Sri Lanka

Section B – Very Short (2×2=4)

Define federalism in simple words.

State two differences between a unitary and federal system.

Section C – Short (3 marks)

Write three advantages of decentralisation in India.

Section D – Long (5 marks)

Explain any five features of Indian federalism.

Section E – Case Study (4 marks)

Case: The 73rd Constitutional Amendment (1992) made it mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies. It created a three-tier Panchayati Raj system at village, block, and district levels. One-third of all positions are reserved for women.

Questions:

a) In which year was the 73rd Amendment passed? (1)

b) Name the three levels of Panchayati Raj. (1)

c) Why is reservation for women in local bodies important? (2)

Set – 2

Section A – MCQs (4)

Which of these is an example of federal government?

a) India

b) France

c) Sri Lanka

d) China

Which of the following is in the Union List?

a) Agriculture

b) Education

c) Defence

d) Police

Which institution settles disputes between the Union and State governments in India?

a) Parliament

b) Election Commission

c) Supreme Court

d) President

The Constitution of India has how many levels of government?

a) Two

b) Three

c) Four

d) Five

Section B – Very Short (2×2=4)

Mention two features of the 73rd Amendment Act.

Define decentralisation.

Section C – Short (3 marks)

Differentiate between Union List and Concurrent List with examples.

Section D – Long (5 marks)

Why did the Constitution-makers of India choose a federal form of government? Explain with five points.

Section E – Case Study (4 marks)

Case: Belgium is a small European country which also follows a federal form of government. Powers are shared between the central and regional governments. Regional governments enjoy significant powers and are not dependent on the central authority.

Questions:

a) Which type of system is followed in Belgium? (1)

b) What are regional governments? (1)

c) How is Belgium’s federalism different from India’s federalism? (2)

Set – 3

Section A – MCQs (4)

Which of these is included in the Concurrent List?

a) Defence

b) Agriculture

c) Education

d) Banking

Which of the following is not a federal country?

a) USA

b) India

c) Canada

d) Sri Lanka

The Constitution of India divided powers into:

a) Two lists

b) Three lists

c) Four lists

d) Five lists

In India, the local government system in urban areas is called:

a) Panchayati Raj

b) Gram Sabha

c) Municipality

d) Zila Parishad

Section B – Very Short (2×2=4)

Name two countries other than India which follow a federal form of government.

Why is federalism important for a large and diverse country like India?

Section C – Short (3 marks)

Describe any three subjects included in the Union List.

Section D – Long (5 marks)

Explain the distribution of powers between Union and State governments in India.

Section E – Case Study (4 marks)

Case: India is a federal country with three levels of government – Union, State, and Local. The Constitution clearly distributes power through Union, State, and Concurrent lists. The Union Government controls subjects of national importance, while states govern matters of local importance.

Questions:

a) How many levels of government does India have? (1)

b) Which list contains matters of national importance? (1)

c) Why is such division of power necessary in India? (2)

Set – 4

Section A – MCQs (4)

Which of the following is a federal feature of the Indian Constitution?

a) Strong central government

b) Division of powers between Union and States

c) Dictatorship

d) Single government

The local government in villages is known as:

a) Municipal Corporation

b) Panchayati Raj

c) Zila Parishad

d) Nagar Palika

Which of the following subjects is in the State List?

a) Railways

b) Banking

c) Police

d) Defence

Who is considered the guardian of the Constitution of India?

a) President

b) Parliament

c) Supreme Court

d) Prime Minister

Section B – Very Short (2×2=4)

What is meant by "holding together" federation?

Mention two examples of countries with "coming together" federation.

Section C – Short (3 marks)

List three subjects included in the Concurrent List and explain briefly.

Section D – Long (5 marks)

Explain the features and significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments.

Section E – Case Study (4 marks)

Case: The Panchayati Raj system has empowered local people to take decisions about their villages. Gram Sabhas discuss plans for development, approve budgets, and monitor the work of Gram Panchayats.

Questions:

a) What is Gram Sabha? (1)

b) What is the role of Gram Panchayat? (1)

c) How does Panchayati Raj strengthen democracy? (2)

Set – 5

Section A – MCQs (4)

In a "coming together" federation, the constituent units:

a) Retain strong powers and form a bigger union

b) Have no power of their own

c) Are dependent on the central government

d) Do not share power

Which of the following is not a subject in the Union List?

a) Defence

b) Foreign affairs

c) Banking

d) Police

Which body conducts elections to the Panchayati Raj institutions?

a) State Election Commission

b) Central Government

c) Supreme Court

d) Union Election Commission

Which type of federalism is followed in India?

a) Coming together federation

b) Holding together federation

c) Confederation

d) Unitary system

Section B – Very Short (2×2=4)

Mention any two subjects in the State List.

Give one example each of horizontal and vertical division of power.

Section C – Short (3 marks)

Explain three reasons why decentralisation is necessary in India.

Section D – Long (5 marks)

Compare the "coming together" and "holding together" federations with suitable examples.

Section E – Case Study (4 marks)

Case: Education is a subject included in the Concurrent List. Both Union and State governments can make laws on it. Recently, many states demanded more autonomy in deciding their education policies. However, the Union Government introduced national-level policies applicable to all states.

Questions:

a) In which list is education included? (1)

b) Who can make laws on education? (1)

c) What happens in case of conflict between Union and State laws on education? (2)

Class 10 Civics – Chapter 1: Power Sharing

 Class 10 Civics – Chapter 1: Power Sharing

Set – 1

Section A – MCQs (1×4=4)

In which country is the power shared among different organs of government?

a) Belgium

b) India

c) Sri Lanka

d) Nepal

Which principle is the basis of democracy?

a) Dictatorship

b) Power sharing

c) Majoritarianism

d) Monarchy

In Belgium, the capital Brussels has:

a) 80% French-speaking and 20% Dutch-speaking

b) 50% French-speaking and 50% Dutch-speaking

c) 70% Dutch-speaking and 30% French-speaking

d) 60% French-speaking and 40% German-speaking

Which one is an example of vertical division of power?

a) Power shared among social groups

b) Power shared among political parties

c) Power shared between Union and State Government

d) Power shared between Legislature, Executive, Judiciary

Section B – Very Short (2×2=4)

Define ethnic group.

Why is power sharing better than majoritarianism?

Section C – Short (3 marks)

Explain three advantages of power sharing in modern democracies.

Section D – Long (5 marks)

Explain with examples the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies.

Section E – Case Study (4 marks)

Case: In Sri Lanka, the Sinhalese leaders followed a series of majoritarian measures after independence in 1948. The government passed an Act to recognise Sinhala as the only official language, making it difficult for Tamils. The government also preferred Sinhalese applicants for jobs and university admissions.

Questions:

a) Which measures were adopted by the Sri Lankan government to promote Sinhalese? (1)

b) How did these measures affect Tamil-speaking people? (1)

c) What was the result of these majoritarian policies? (2)

Set – 2

Section A – MCQs (4)

Which of the following is not a form of power sharing?

a) Power shared among different organs

b) Power shared among governments at different levels

c) Power shared among social groups

d) Power shared only by majority community

In Belgium, what percentage speaks German?

a) 59%

b) 40%

c) 1%

d) 80%

Which institution in India can strike down laws made by the Parliament if they violate the Constitution?

a) Parliament

b) Supreme Court

c) Election Commission

d) President

Which principle prevents the misuse of power of one organ of the government?

a) Federalism

b) Separation of powers

c) Unitary system

d) Majoritarianism

Section B – Very Short (2×2=4)

What is power sharing?

Why do we need a system of checks and balances in democracy?

Section C – Short (3 marks)

Compare the outcomes of Belgium’s accommodation policies with Sri Lanka’s majoritarian measures.

Section D – Long (5 marks)

“Power sharing is the essence of democracy.” Discuss the statement with suitable examples.

Section E – Case Study (4 marks)

Case: Belgium is a country with a diverse population. The Dutch-speaking majority lived in the Flemish region, the French-speaking minority in the Wallonia region, and a small German-speaking community. To prevent conflict, Belgium introduced a model of government where both communities had equal representation.

Questions:

a) Which communities live in Belgium? (1)

b) Why was there tension between Dutch and French-speaking people? (1)

c) How did Belgium resolve this issue? (2)

Set – 3

Section A – MCQs (4)

Which one of the following is an example of power shared among different levels of government?

a) Judiciary checking Parliament’s laws

b) Reservation for SCs and STs

c) Union and State Governments in India

d) Coalition government

Which community in Sri Lanka was in majority?

a) Tamil

b) Sinhalese

c) Muslim

d) French

Power sharing leads to:

a) Concentration of power

b) Social conflict

c) Stability of political order

d) Dictatorship

In India, the Panchayati Raj system is an example of:

a) Vertical power sharing

b) Horizontal power sharing

c) Social group sharing

d) Community government

Section B – Very Short (2×2=4)

What is the meaning of community government in Belgium?

State one difference between horizontal and vertical power sharing.

Section C – Short (3 marks)

Describe any three forms of power sharing in modern democracies.

Section D – Long (5 marks)

What lessons can India learn from Belgium and Sri Lanka’s experience in power sharing?

Section E – Case Study (4 marks)

Case: Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The leaders of the Sinhala community tried to secure dominance over the government by policies favouring Sinhala speakers. Tamil-speaking people felt discriminated and demanded an equal status. This led to a civil war that lasted for decades.

Questions:

a) Who were the majority in Sri Lanka? (1)

b) Which community felt discriminated? (1)

c) What was the outcome of these discriminatory policies? (2)

Set – 4

Section A – MCQs (4)

In which year Sri Lanka adopted a Sinhala Only Act?

a) 1948

b) 1956

c) 1965

d) 1972

Which of the following is a federal feature of Indian Constitution?

a) Separation of powers

b) Independent Judiciary

c) Division of powers between Union and States

d) Parliamentary system

Which of the following is a benefit of power sharing?

a) Creates inequality

b) Promotes stability

c) Creates division

d) Encourages dictatorship

Which is an example of power sharing among political parties?

a) Coalition government

b) Judiciary reviewing laws

c) Panchayati Raj

d) Community government

Section B – Very Short (2×2=4)

Mention two demands of Tamil-speaking people in Sri Lanka.

What do you understand by checks and balances?

Section C – Short (3 marks)

How is the system of power sharing practiced in India? Explain with three examples.

Section D – Long (5 marks)

Explain with examples why power sharing is necessary to reduce the possibility of conflict in a society.

Section E – Case Study (4 marks)

Case: In Belgium, the constitution was amended four times between 1970 and 1993 so as to accommodate different communities. Equal number of ministers in central government, separate government for each community, and autonomy to state governments were introduced.

Questions:

a) How many times was the Belgian constitution amended? (1)

b) Why were amendments made? (1)

c) Explain two features of the Belgian model of power sharing. (2)

Set – 5

Section A – MCQs (4)

Which is an example of power sharing among different social groups?

a) Division of power between Union and States

b) Reservation of seats for SC/ST in Parliament

c) Judiciary controlling Legislature

d) Coalition government

Which factor led to civil war in Sri Lanka?

a) Equal treatment of all groups

b) Majoritarian policies of Sinhala leaders

c) Belgium model of accommodation

d) Economic issues

Which of the following is true about power sharing?

a) It reduces chances of conflict

b) It increases instability

c) It creates divisions

d) It promotes dictatorship

The ethnic composition of Belgium is:

a) 59% Dutch, 40% French, 1% German

b) 74% Sinhala, 18% Tamil, 7% Muslim

c) 50% Dutch, 50% French

d) 60% Tamil, 40% Sinhala

Section B – Very Short (2×2=4)

What is the difference between majoritarianism and power sharing?

State one reason why power sharing is considered good for unity of the country.

Section C – Short (3 marks)

How was the problem of linguistic and cultural diversity solved in Belgium?

Section D – Long (5 marks)

“The Belgian model of power sharing is successful whereas Sri Lanka failed to accommodate.” Justify with examples.

Section E – Case Study (4 marks)

Case: India is a diverse country with different languages, religions, and regions. Power is shared at different levels – Union, State, and Local. Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women have reservations in legislatures. Independent institutions like Election Commission and Judiciary ensure fairness.

Questions:

a) Mention one way power is shared in India at different levels. (1)

b) How is power shared among social groups? (1)

c) Explain two examples of horizontal power sharing in India. (2)