Geography – Chapter 1: Resources and Development EXAM-ORIENTED IMPORTANT QUESTIONS As per CBSE Board Exam Pattern 2026 Includes MCQs, Assertion–Reason & Map-based questions

Geography – Chapter 1: Resources and Development

EXAM-ORIENTED IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

As per CBSE Board Exam Pattern 2026

Includes MCQs, Assertion–Reason & Map-based questions

1. Everything available in the environment which can be used to satisfy human needs is called

A. Utility

B. Resource

C. Technology

D. Capital

✅ Answer: B

2. Which of the following is NOT a resource?

A. Water

B. Minerals

C. Human beings

D. Technology

✅ Answer: D

3. On the basis of origin, resources are classified into

A. Renewable and Non-renewable

B. Biotic and Abiotic

C. Individual and Community

D. National and International

✅ Answer: B

4. Coal is an example of

A. Renewable resource

B. Biotic resource

C. Non-renewable resource

D. Human-made resource

✅ Answer: C

5. Resources which are owned privately by individuals are called

A. National resources

B. Community resources

C. Individual resources

D. International resources

✅ Answer: C

6. Which of the following is a biotic resource?

A. Iron ore

B. Soil

C. Water

D. Forest

✅ Answer: D

7. Which resource can be replenished naturally?

A. Petroleum

B. Coal

C. Wind energy

D. Minerals

✅ Answer: C

8. Resources which are found but not fully used are called

A. Developed resources

B. Stock

C. Potential resources

D. Reserves

✅ Answer: C

9. The total quantity of resource available in nature is called

A. Reserve

B. Stock

C. Potential

D. Developed

✅ Answer: B

10. Which of the following is a human-made resource?

A. Soil

B. Forest

C. Buildings

D. Water

✅ Answer: C

11. Sustainable development means

A. Maximum use of resources

B. Development without harming future needs

C. Industrial development only

D. Use of non-renewable resources

✅ Answer: B

12. Which practice supports sustainable development?

A. Over-irrigation

B. Deforestation

C. Resource conservation

D. Excessive mining

✅ Answer: C

13. The idea of sustainable development was popularised by

A. Brundtland Commission

B. UNO

C. World Bank

D. IMF

✅ Answer: A

14. Which factor is essential to make a substance a resource?

A. Availability

B. Utility

C. Quantity

D. Price

✅ Answer: B

15. Which of the following is an abiotic resource?

A. Fish

B. Forest

C. Water

D. Animals

✅ Answer: C

16. Resources which belong to the country are called

A. Individual resources

B. Community resources

C. National resources

D. International resources

✅ Answer: C

17. Ocean resources beyond 200 nautical miles fall under

A. National resources

B. Community resources

C. Individual resources

D. International resources

✅ Answer: D

18. Which resource is owned by the community?

A. Private well

B. Grazing land

C. Plantation

D. Factory

✅ Answer: B

19. Resources whose quantity is known but are not being used are

A. Stock

B. Reserves

C. Potential

D. Developed

✅ Answer: C

20. Which resource is a part of stock?

A. Wind energy

B. Petroleum

C. Solar energy

D. Water in dams

✅ Answer: B

21. Which factor is essential to make a substance a resource?
A. Availability
B. Utility
C. Quantity
D. Price
✅ Answer: B

22. Which of the following is an abiotic resource?
A. Fish
B. Forest
C. Water
D. Animals
✅ Answer: C

23. Resources which belong to the country are called
A. Individual resources
B. Community resources
C. National resources
D. International resources
✅ Answer: C

24. Ocean resources beyond 200 nautical miles fall under
A. National resources
B. Community resources
C. Individual resources
D. International resources
✅ Answer: D

25. Which resource is owned by the community?
A. Private well
B. Grazing land
C. Plantation
D. Factory
✅ Answer: B

26. Resources whose quantity is known but are not being used are

A. Stock
B. Reserves
C. Potential
D. Developed
✅ Answer: C

27. Which resource is a part of stock?
A. Wind energy
B. Petroleum
C. Solar energy
D. Water in dams
✅ Answer: B

28. Reserves differ from stock because reserves
A. Cannot be used
B. Can be used with existing technology
C. Are unlimited
D. Are renewable
✅ Answer: B

29. Which is a developed resource?
A. Wind energy in Rajasthan
B. Uranium in Ladakh
C. Minerals whose quantity is surveyed
D. Water in oceans
✅ Answer: C

30. Which is a renewable resource?

A. Coal
B. Petroleum
C. Natural gas
D. Solar energy
✅ Answer: D

31. Fossil fuels are classified as
A. Renewable
B. Biotic
C. Non-renewable
D. Human-made
✅ Answer: C

32. Which non-renewable resource is most used in India?
A. Coal
B. Uranium
C. Gold
D. Copper
✅ Answer: A

33. The main aim of sustainable development is to

A. Increase production
B. Conserve resources
C. Meet present needs without harming future needs
D. Promote industries
✅ Answer: C

34. Which activity supports sustainable development?
A. Deforestation
B. Mining without planning
C. Rainwater harvesting
D. Over-irrigation
✅ Answer: C

35. Resource planning is necessary because
A. Resources are unlimited
B. Resources are unevenly distributed
C. All resources are renewable
D. India has surplus resources
✅ Answer: B

36. Which soil is ideal for cotton cultivation?

A. Alluvial
B. Red
C. Black
D. Laterite
✅ Answer: C

37. Alluvial soil is mainly found in
A. Peninsular Plateau
B. Northern Plains
C. Coastal Plains
D. Thar Desert
✅ Answer: B

38. Which soil is rich in iron?
A. Black soil
B. Alluvial soil
C. Red soil
D. Laterite soil
✅ Answer: C

39. Laterite soil develops in areas with
A. Low rainfall
B. Moderate rainfall
C. Heavy rainfall
D. Desert climate
✅ Answer: C

40. Soil erosion is mainly caused by
A. Afforestation
B. Over-irrigation
C. Ploughing
D. Terrace farming
✅ Answer: B

41. Which method reduces soil erosion on steep slopes?

A. Strip cropping
B. Terrace farming
C. Shelter belts
D. Mulching
✅ Answer: B

42. Planting trees in rows to check wind erosion is called
A. Contour ploughing
B. Terrace farming
C. Shelter belts
D. Crop rotation
✅ Answer: C

43. Contour ploughing is practiced on
A. Plains
B. Plateaus
C. Slopes
D. Deserts
✅ Answer: C

44. Overgrazing leads to
A. Soil formation
B. Soil conservation
C. Soil erosion
D. Afforestation
✅ Answer: C

45. Which soil is known as Regur soil?
A. Red soil
B. Black soil
C. Alluvial soil
D. Laterite soil

✅ Answer: B. 

46. Which is a developed resource?

A. Wind energy in Rajasthan

B. Uranium in Ladakh

C. Minerals whose quantity is surveyed

D. Water in oceans

✅ Answer: C

47. Which is a renewable resource?

A. Coal

B. Petroleum

C. Natural gas

D. Solar energy

✅ Answer: D

48. Fossil fuels are classified as

A. Renewable

B. Biotic

C. Non-renewable

D. Human-made

✅ Answer: C

49. Which non-renewable resource is most used in India?

A. Coal

B. Uranium

C. Gold

D. Copper

✅ Answer: A

50. The main aim of sustainable development is to

A. Increase production

B. Conserve resources

C. Meet present needs without harming future needs

D. Promote industries

✅ Answer: C

51. Which activity supports sustainable development?

A. Deforestation

B. Mining without planning

C. Rainwater harvesting

D. Over-irrigation

✅ Answer: C

52. Resource planning is necessary because

A. Resources are unlimited

B. Resources are unevenly distributed

C. All resources are renewable

D. India has surplus resources

✅ Answer: B

53. Which soil is ideal for cotton cultivation?

A. Alluvial

B. Red

C. Black

D. Laterite

✅ Answer: C

54. Alluvial soil is mainly found in

A. Peninsular Plateau

B. Northern Plains

C. Coastal Plains

D. Thar Desert

✅ Answer: B

55. Which soil is rich in iron?

A. Black soil

B. Alluvial soil

C. Red soil

D. Laterite soil

✅ Answer: C

56. Laterite soil develops in areas with

A. Low rainfall

B. Moderate rainfall

C. Heavy rainfall

D. Desert climate

✅ Answer: C

58. Soil erosion is mainly caused by

A. Afforestation

B. Over-irrigation

C. Ploughing

D. Terrace farming

✅ Answer: B

59. Which method reduces soil erosion on steep slopes?

A. Strip cropping

B. Terrace farming

C. Shelter belts

D. Mulching

✅ Answer: B

60. Planting trees in rows to check wind erosion is called

A. Contour ploughing

B. Terrace farming

C. Shelter belts

D. Crop rotation

✅ Answer: C

61. Contour ploughing is practiced on

A. Plains

B. Plateaus

C. Slopes

D. Deserts

✅ Answer: C

62. Overgrazing leads to

A. Soil formation

B. Soil conservation

C. Soil erosion

D. Afforestation

✅ Answer: C

63. Which soil is known as Regur soil?

A. Red soil

B. Black soil

C. Alluvial soil

D. Laterite soil

✅ Answer: B

ASSERTION – REASON QUESTIONS

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation

B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation

C. A is true but R is false

D. A is false but R is true

64. Assertion (A): Resources are unevenly distributed over the earth.

Reason (R): Physical and human factors differ from place to place.

✅ Answer: A

65. Assertion (A): Non-renewable resources take millions of years to form.

Reason (R): They can be replenished easily.

✅ Answer: C

66. Assertion (A): Human beings are essential components of resources.

Reason (R): They transform natural resources into usable form.

✅ Answer: A

67. Assertion (A): Sustainable development ignores environmental protection.

Reason (R): It focuses only on present needs.

✅ Answer: D

✅ Answer: C

MAP-BASED QUESTIONS (VERY IMPORTANT)

Map Work: Major Soils of India

• On the outline map of India, locate and label:
• Alluvial Soil – Northern Plains
• Black Soil – Maharashtra / Deccan Plateau
• Red Soil – Tamil Nadu / Karnataka
• Laterite Soil – Western Ghats
• Soil Erosion Control (Identification Type)

Picture/Map-based Question:

Which method of soil conservation is shown?

A. Terrace farming

B. Strip cropping

C. Contour ploughing

D. Shelter belts

✅ Correct answers depend on picture

(Terrace farming & Contour ploughing are MOST IMPORTANT for boards)