Worksheet
Chapter 3: Forests, Biodiversity and Livelihoods
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Biodiversity refers to:
a) Variety of rocks
b) Variety of life forms
c) Variety of minerals
d) Variety of soils
2. The term "Biodiversity" was coined by:
a) Charles Darwin
b) Walter G. Rosen
c) Gregor Mendel
d) Linnaeus
3. Genetic diversity refers to variation within:
a) Ecosystems
b) Communities
c) Species
d) Habitats
4. Which biome is found near the Equator?
a) Tundra
b) Taiga
c) Tropical Rainforest
d) Desert
5. The MAB Programme was launched in:
a) 1960
b) 1971
c) 1976
d) 1986
6. MAB stands for:
a) Man and Biodiversity
b) Man and Biosphere
c) Man and the Biosphere
d) Management of Biosphere
7. The first Biosphere Reserves under UNESCO were designated in:
a) 1971
b) 1976
c) 1986
d) 1990
8. Which zone of a Biosphere Reserve is strictly protected?
a) Buffer Zone
b) Transition Zone
c) Core Zone
d) Tourism Zone
9. Sacred groves are protected mainly because of:
a) Economic reasons
b) Cultural and religious beliefs
c) Mining activities
d) Urban development
10. PES stands for:
a) Payment for Ecosystem Services
b) Protection of Ecosystem Species
c) Public Ecosystem Service
d) Protected Ecological System
Section B: Fill in the Blanks
- The variety of life on Earth is called __________.
- The Amazon Basin is an example of a __________ biome.
- The __________ Programme was launched by UNESCO in 1971.
- The outermost zone of a biosphere reserve is called the __________ zone.
- The world's network of biosphere reserves is known as __________.
- Forest communities often collect __________ and medicinal plants from forests.
- Community Forest Resource Rights are abbreviated as __________.
- Illegal hunting for commercial purposes is called __________.
- __________ is the large-scale clearing of forests.
- Forest fires caused by lightning are due to __________ causes.
Section C: Match the Following
Column A Column B
1. Tropical Rainforest a. Mosses and lichens
2. Tundra b. Acacia and Baobab
3. Savanna c. Dense evergreen forests
4. Taiga d. Pine and Spruce
5. Desert e. Cactus
Section D: True or False
- Species diversity refers to variation within the same species. (_____)
- Taiga is also known as the Boreal Forest. (_____)
- Sacred groves help conserve biodiversity. (_____)
- The Core Zone allows unrestricted human activities. (_____)
- Ecotourism promotes environmental conservation. (_____)
- Forest Rights Act was passed in 2006. (_____)
- Poaching helps increase biodiversity. (_____)
- Climate change can affect forest communities. (_____)
- Reforestation means planting trees in deforested areas. (_____)
- Invasive species may increase forest fire risk. (_____)
Section E: Assertion and Reason
a) Both A and R are true and R explains A.
b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
1. Assertion (A): Forests help regulate the water cycle.
Reason (R): Trees release water vapour through transpiration.
2. Assertion (A): Sacred groves play an important role in biodiversity conservation.
Reason (R): Cutting trees and hunting are usually prohibited in sacred groves.
3. Assertion (A): Forest fires can increase atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Reason (R): Burning vegetation releases stored carbon into the atmosphere.
4. Assertion (A): Community Forest Resource Rights encourage conservation.
Reason (R): Local communities are allowed to manage and protect forests.
Section F: Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)
- Define biodiversity.
- What is genetic diversity?
- What is a biome?
- Name any two biosphere reserves in India.
- What is ecotourism?
- What is a sacred grove?
- Expand FRA.
- What is poaching?
- What is PES?
- Name one invasive species-related cause of forest fire.
Section G: Short Answer Questions
- Differentiate between biodiversity and genetic diversity.
- Explain any three factors affecting the distribution of biomes.
- State the objectives of UNESCO's MAB Programme.
- What are the three zones of a Biosphere Reserve?
- Explain the importance of sacred groves.
- Mention any four rights under the Forest Rights Act, 2006.
- Discuss any three challenges faced by forest communities.
- Explain the need for sustainable tourism.
- Mention any three effects of deforestation.
- How does technology help in forest fire prevention?
Section H: Long Answer Questions
1. Describe the major biomes of the world with suitable examples.
2. Explain the importance of Biosphere Reserves in conserving biodiversity and ecosystems.
3. Discuss the dependence of forest communities on forests and their role in biodiversity conservation.
4. Explain the causes, effects, and prevention measures of deforestation.
5. Describe the causes of forest fires and suggest measures for mitigation and prevention.
Section I: Case Study Based Questions
Case Study – 1: Sacred Groves and Conservation
A village in the Western Ghats has protected a patch of forest for centuries because it is considered sacred. Villagers do not cut trees or hunt animals there. As a result, many rare species of plants and animals survive in this forest patch. Researchers have found that the grove also helps conserve water and prevent soil erosion.
Questions
- What is such a protected forest patch called?
- Why do villagers protect it?
- Name two benefits of sacred groves.
- How do sacred groves help conserve biodiversity?
- Mention one example of a sacred grove tradition in India.
Case Study – 2: Forest Rights and Local Communities
A tribal community has lived near a forest for generations. Under the Forest Rights Act, they received rights to collect minor forest produce, graze livestock, and manage community forest resources. The Gram Sabha plays an important role in decision-making regarding forest management.
Questions
- Which Act provides these rights?
- What are Community Rights (CR)?
- What are Community Forest Resource Rights (CFRR)?
- How does the Gram Sabha contribute to forest management?
- Mention one benefit of FRA for forest dwellers.
Case Study – 3: Forest Fire in a Protected Area
During a prolonged drought, a forest experienced a severe fire. Dry leaves, invasive grasses, and strong winds helped the fire spread quickly. Forest officials used drones and satellite monitoring to detect the fire and mobilized firefighting teams. After the fire, reforestation efforts were started to restore the damaged ecosystem.
Questions
- Mention two causes of the forest fire.
- How did invasive species contribute to the fire?
- Which technologies helped detect the fire?
- Why is reforestation important after a forest fire?
- Mention two measures to prevent future forest fires.
- b) Variety of life forms
- b) Walter G. Rosen
- c) Species
- c) Tropical Rainforest
- b) 1971
- c) Man and the Biosphere
- b) 1976
- c) Core Zone
- b) Cultural and religious beliefs
- a) Payment for Ecosystem Services
- Biodiversity
- Tropical Rainforest
- MAB
- Transition
- WNBR
- Honey
- CFRR
- Poaching
- Deforestation
- Natural
- Tropical Rainforest — c. Dense evergreen forests
- Tundra — a. Mosses and lichens
- Savanna — b. Acacia and Baobab
- Taiga — d. Pine and Spruce
- Desert — e. Cactus
- False
- True
- True
- False
- True
- True
- False
- True
- True
- True
- a) Both A and R are true and R explains A.
- a) Both A and R are true and R explains A.
- a) Both A and R are true and R explains A.
- a) Both A and R are true and R explains A.
- Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms found in a particular area or on Earth.
- Genetic diversity is the variation in genes among individuals of the same species.
- A biome is a large geographical region characterized by a particular climate, vegetation, and animal life.
- Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve.
- Ecotourism is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and benefits local communities.
- A sacred grove is a forest patch protected because of religious and cultural beliefs.
- Forest Rights Act.
- Poaching is the illegal hunting, trapping, or killing of wildlife.
- PES stands for Payment for Ecosystem Services.
- Invasive grasses.
- Tropical Rainforest
- Tropical Grassland (Savanna)
- Desert
- Temperate Forest
- Temperate Grassland
- Taiga (Coniferous Forest)
- Tundra
- Conserve biodiversity.
- Protect ecosystems.
- Preserve genetic diversity.
- Promote sustainable development.
- Support research and education.
- Help mitigate climate change.
- Maintain ecological balance.
- Food
- Fuel
- Shelter
- Medicine
- Livelihood
- Fodder
- Cultural and religious purposes
- Agriculture
- Urbanization
- Mining
- Industrialization
- Habitat loss
- Biodiversity loss
- Soil erosion
- Water cycle disruption
- Increased CO₂
- Afforestation
- Reforestation
- Sustainable forest management
- Community participation
- Forest laws
- Human activities
- Natural causes
- Invasive species
- Poor forest management
- Awareness campaigns
- Improved forest management
- Firefighting infrastructure
- Early detection technology
- Reforestation and habitat restoration
- Sacred Grove
- Religious and cultural beliefs
- Biodiversity conservation and soil/water conservation
- By protecting rare plants and animals from exploitation
- Orans of Rajasthan / Devarakadus of Karnataka
- Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006
- Rights to use forest resources collectively
- Rights to protect, conserve, and manage community forests
- It makes decisions regarding forest management and conservation
- Improves livelihood security and recognizes traditional rights
- Drought and accumulation of dry vegetation/invasive grasses
- They provide highly flammable fuel that increases fire spread
- Drones and satellite monitoring
- It restores biodiversity and damaged ecosystems
- Improved forest management and early detection systems
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