Geography, Chapter 3: Water Resources MCQs, Assertion–Reason Questions, Map based questions

Geography, Chapter 2:  Water Resources

MCQs,  Assertion–Reason Questions, Map based questions 

 MCQs

1. The main cause of water scarcity in India is

A. Low rainfall

B. Uneven distribution of water

C. Over-exploitation of water resources

D. All of the above

Ans: D

2. Which sector uses the maximum water in India?

A. Industrial

B. Domestic

C. Agricultural

D. Transport

Ans: C

3. Multipurpose river valley projects are meant for

A. Irrigation

B. Electricity generation

C. Flood control

D. All of these

Ans: D

4. Bhakra Nangal Project is built on river

A. Ganga

B. Sutlej

C. Yamuna

D. Godavari

Ans: B

5. Tehri Dam is located in

A. Himachal Pradesh

B. Uttarakhand

C. Jammu & Kashmir

D. Sikkim

Ans: B

6. Rainwater harvesting helps in

A. Increasing floods

B. Groundwater recharge

C. River pollution

D. Soil erosion

Ans: B

7. ‘Johads’ are traditional water harvesting structures found in

A. Gujarat

B. Rajasthan

C. Himachal Pradesh

D. Tamil Nadu

Ans: B

8. ‘Kuls’ are used for irrigation in

A. Rajasthan

B. Punjab

C. Himachal Pradesh

D. Assam

Ans: C

9. One major drawback of multipurpose projects is

A. Electricity generation

B. Irrigation

C. Displacement of people

D. Flood control

Ans: C

10. Narmada Bachao Andolan is related to

A. Ganga river

B. Sutlej river

C. Narmada river

D. Godavari river

Ans: C

11. Which of the following causes water pollution?

A. Industrial waste

B. Agricultural chemicals

C. Domestic sewage

D. All of the above

Ans: D

12. Over-extraction of groundwater is common in

A. Rural areas

B. Forest areas

C. Urban areas

D. Coastal areas

Ans: C

13. Which state made rainwater harvesting compulsory?

A. Kerala

B. Punjab

C. Tamil Nadu

D. Rajasthan

Ans: C

14. Water scarcity affects

A. Agriculture

B. Industries

C. Human life

D. All of these

Ans: D

15. Large dams were called the “Temples of Modern India” by

A. Mahatma Gandhi

B. Jawaharlal Nehru

C. B. R. Ambedkar

D. Subhas Chandra Bose

Ans: B

16. Sustainable use of water resources means

A. Overuse of water

B. Conservation of water

C. Industrialisation

D. Urbanisation

Ans: B

17. The oldest method of irrigation is

A. Canals

B. Tubewells

C. Wells

D. Dams

Ans: C

18. Which is NOT a benefit of rainwater harvesting?

A. Groundwater recharge

B. Flood control

C. Water conservation

D. Water pollution

Ans: D

19.Water scarcity is severe in

A. Himalayan region

B. Coastal region

C. Arid and semi-arid regions

D. Delta region

Ans: C

20. Water disputes mainly arise due to

A. Excess rainfall

B. Unequal distribution of water

C. Floods

D. Pollution

Ans: B

21. Industrial waste is often discharged into

A. Fields

B. Roads

C. Rivers

D. Forests

Ans: C

22. Excessive use of water leads to

A. Conservation

B. Scarcity

C. Sustainability

D. Recharge

Ans: B

23. Dams negatively affect

A. Environment

B. Local communities

C. Wildlife

D. All of these

Ans: D

24. The best method to conserve water is

A. Building more dams

B. Rainwater harvesting

C. River linking

D. Industrial expansion

Ans: B

25. Proper management of water resources leads to

A. Exploitation

B. Development

C. Sustainable development

D. Urbanisation

Ans: C

26. Which factor has intensified water scarcity in recent years?

A. Seasonal rainfall

B. Industrialisation and urbanisation

C. Forest cover

D. Traditional irrigation

Ans: B

27. The major aim of multipurpose river valley projects is to

A. Control floods only

B. Generate electricity only

C. Promote integrated development

D. Increase rainfall

Ans: C

28. Which of the following is a social impact of large dams?

A. Soil erosion

B. Loss of biodiversity

C. Displacement of people

D. Water pollution

Ans: C

29. The term “water stress” refers to

A. Excess availability of water

B. Scarcity of water resources

C. High rainfall

D. Flood situation

Ans: B

30. Which traditional water harvesting system is used in western Rajasthan?

A. Kul

B. Johad

C. Ahar-Pyne

D. Surangam

Ans: B

31. Ahar-Pyne system is mainly found in

A. Rajasthan

B. Tamil Nadu

C. Bihar

D. Kerala

Ans: C

32. Which river valley project is the oldest multipurpose project in India?

A. Bhakra Nangal

B. Hirakud

C. Damodar Valley

D. Tehri

Ans: C

33. Large dams have failed to control floods because

A. They reduce rainfall

B. They increase siltation

C. They promote irrigation

D. They store water

Ans: B

34. Which of the following leads to lowering of the water table?

A. Rainwater harvesting

B. Over-irrigation

C. Afforestation

D. Canal irrigation

Ans: B

35. Water pollution is caused when

A. Clean water flows in rivers

B. Untreated sewage enters water bodies

C. Rainwater is stored

D. Water is recycled

Ans: B

36. Which of the following is an environmental consequence of dams?

A. Increased crop yield

B. Submergence of forests

C. Electricity generation

D. Irrigation facilities

Ans: B

37. Which state promotes rooftop rainwater harvesting in urban areas?

A. Punjab

B. Haryana

C. Tamil Nadu

D. Assam

Ans: C

38. Which of the following is the most effective long-term solution to water scarcity?

A. Building more dams

B. Transferring river water

C. Water conservation and management

D. Excess groundwater use

Ans: C

39. The overuse of chemical fertilisers affects water resources by

A. Increasing rainfall

B. Improving groundwater quality

C. Causing water pollution

D. Conserving water

Ans: C

40. Which of the following is a major criticism of large dams?

A. High cost

B. Long construction period

C. Ecological imbalance

D. All of these

Ans: D

41. Water scarcity can exist even in areas of

A. Low rainfall

B. High rainfall

C. Desert regions

D. Plateau regions

Ans: B

42. Which one of the following promotes sustainable water use?

A. Excess irrigation

B. Water-intensive crops

C. Rainwater harvesting

D. River pollution

Ans: C

43. The biggest source of water pollution in rivers is

A. Agricultural runoff

B. Industrial effluents

C. Domestic sewage

D. Mining waste

Ans: C

44. Which crop requires maximum water?

A. Wheat

B. Rice

C. Pulses

D. Millets

Ans: B

45. Which of the following best defines water conservation?

A. Storing water in dams

B. Judicious use of water

C. Using groundwater freely

D. Increasing water consumption

Ans: B

46. Which region faces seasonal water scarcity?

A. Desert regions

B. Areas with irregular rainfall

C. Coastal plains

D. Delta regions

Ans: B

47. The major reason for declining groundwater levels in cities is

A. Traditional wells

B. Excess use of tube wells

C. Rainfall

D. River water

Ans: B

48. Which river project is associated with Odisha?

A. Bhakra Nangal

B. Tehri

C. Hirakud

D. Sardar Sarovar

Ans: C

49. Water disputes between states arise mainly due to

A. Climate change

B. Unequal access to water

C. Floods

D. Cyclones

Ans: B

50. Which one is NOT a traditional water harvesting system?

A. Johad

B. Kul

C. Tanka

D. Tube well

Ans: D

51. Which factor does NOT contribute to water scarcity?

A. Population growth

B. Industrialisation

C. Water conservation

D. Urbanisation

Ans: C

52. Excessive dam construction affects rivers by

A. Increasing natural flow

B. Interrupting sediment flow

C. Reducing evaporation

D. Improving biodiversity

Ans: B

54. Which practice helps in improving groundwater recharge?

A. Paving open land

B. Rainwater harvesting

C. Excess pumping

D. Industrial waste disposal

Ans: B

55. Which of the following is a demand-side solution to water scarcity?

A. Building reservoirs

B. Water conservation

C. River linking

D. Dam construction

Ans: B

56. Sustainable water management aims at

A. Maximum water use

B. Long-term availability of water

C. Short-term benefits

D. Industrial expansion

Ans: B

ASSERTION – REASON QUESTIONS (10)

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation

C. A is true but R is false

D. A is false but R is true

1. A: Water scarcity is increasing in India.

R: Water resources are being over-exploited.

Ans: A

2. A: Dams help in economic development.

R: They provide irrigation and hydroelectric power.

Ans: A

3. A: Multipurpose projects are opposed by many people.

R: They cause displacement of local communities.

Ans: A

4. A: Rainwater harvesting is necessary.

R: Groundwater level is declining.

Ans: A

5. A: Industrialisation leads to water pollution.

R: Industries discharge untreated waste into rivers.

Ans: A

6. A: Water resources are unlimited.

R: Water cycle continues naturally.

Ans: D

7. A: Traditional water harvesting systems were effective.

R: They were suited to local conditions.

Ans: A

8. A: Urban areas face severe water scarcity.

R: There is excessive extraction of groundwater.

Ans: A

9. A: Agriculture uses very little water.

R: Irrigation requires large amount of water.

Ans: D

10. A: Sustainable development is essential.

R: Resources must be conserved for future generations.

Ans: A

MAP-BASED IDENTIFICATION QUESTIONS (INDIA MAP)

Q1. On the political map of India, a dam marked on the Sutlej River in Punjab–Himachal region is

A. Tehri Dam

B. Bhakra Nangal Dam

C. Hirakud Dam

D. Sardar Sarovar Dam

Ans: B

Q2. Identify the dam marked on the Mahanadi River in Odisha.

A. Bhakra

B. Tehri

C. Hirakud

D. Nagarjuna Sagar

Ans: C

Q3. A dam marked in Uttarakhand on the Bhagirathi River is

A. Hirakud

B. Tehri

C. Sardar Sarovar

D. Rihand

Ans: B

Q4. Which dam is marked on the Narmada River in Gujarat–Madhya Pradesh region?

A. Bhakra Nangal

B. Nagarjuna Sagar

C. Sardar Sarovar

D. Tehri

Ans: C

Q5. Identify the dam built on the Krishna River marked in Telangana–Andhra Pradesh region.

A. Hirakud

B. Nagarjuna Sagar

C. Bhakra

D. Tehri

Ans: B

Q6. A dam marked on the Damodar River in Jharkhand–West Bengal is

A. Tehri

B. Bhakra

C. Damodar Valley Project

D. Sardar Sarovar

Ans: C