Geography, Chapter 2: Water Resources
MCQs, Assertion–Reason Questions, Map based questions
MCQs
1. The main cause of water scarcity in India is
A. Low rainfall
B. Uneven distribution of water
C. Over-exploitation of water resources
D. All of the above
Ans: D
2. Which sector uses the maximum water in India?
A. Industrial
B. Domestic
C. Agricultural
D. Transport
Ans: C
3. Multipurpose river valley projects are meant for
A. Irrigation
B. Electricity generation
C. Flood control
D. All of these
Ans: D
4. Bhakra Nangal Project is built on river
A. Ganga
B. Sutlej
C. Yamuna
D. Godavari
Ans: B
5. Tehri Dam is located in
A. Himachal Pradesh
B. Uttarakhand
C. Jammu & Kashmir
D. Sikkim
Ans: B
6. Rainwater harvesting helps in
A. Increasing floods
B. Groundwater recharge
C. River pollution
D. Soil erosion
Ans: B
7. ‘Johads’ are traditional water harvesting structures found in
A. Gujarat
B. Rajasthan
C. Himachal Pradesh
D. Tamil Nadu
Ans: B
8. ‘Kuls’ are used for irrigation in
A. Rajasthan
B. Punjab
C. Himachal Pradesh
D. Assam
Ans: C
9. One major drawback of multipurpose projects is
A. Electricity generation
B. Irrigation
C. Displacement of people
D. Flood control
Ans: C
10. Narmada Bachao Andolan is related to
A. Ganga river
B. Sutlej river
C. Narmada river
D. Godavari river
Ans: C
11. Which of the following causes water pollution?
A. Industrial waste
B. Agricultural chemicals
C. Domestic sewage
D. All of the above
Ans: D
12. Over-extraction of groundwater is common in
A. Rural areas
B. Forest areas
C. Urban areas
D. Coastal areas
Ans: C
13. Which state made rainwater harvesting compulsory?
A. Kerala
B. Punjab
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Rajasthan
Ans: C
14. Water scarcity affects
A. Agriculture
B. Industries
C. Human life
D. All of these
Ans: D
15. Large dams were called the “Temples of Modern India” by
A. Mahatma Gandhi
B. Jawaharlal Nehru
C. B. R. Ambedkar
D. Subhas Chandra Bose
Ans: B
16. Sustainable use of water resources means
A. Overuse of water
B. Conservation of water
C. Industrialisation
D. Urbanisation
Ans: B
17. The oldest method of irrigation is
A. Canals
B. Tubewells
C. Wells
D. Dams
Ans: C
18. Which is NOT a benefit of rainwater harvesting?
A. Groundwater recharge
B. Flood control
C. Water conservation
D. Water pollution
Ans: D
19.Water scarcity is severe in
A. Himalayan region
B. Coastal region
C. Arid and semi-arid regions
D. Delta region
Ans: C
20. Water disputes mainly arise due to
A. Excess rainfall
B. Unequal distribution of water
C. Floods
D. Pollution
Ans: B
21. Industrial waste is often discharged into
A. Fields
B. Roads
C. Rivers
D. Forests
Ans: C
22. Excessive use of water leads to
A. Conservation
B. Scarcity
C. Sustainability
D. Recharge
Ans: B
23. Dams negatively affect
A. Environment
B. Local communities
C. Wildlife
D. All of these
Ans: D
24. The best method to conserve water is
A. Building more dams
B. Rainwater harvesting
C. River linking
D. Industrial expansion
Ans: B
25. Proper management of water resources leads to
A. Exploitation
B. Development
C. Sustainable development
D. Urbanisation
Ans: C
26. Which factor has intensified water scarcity in recent years?
A. Seasonal rainfall
B. Industrialisation and urbanisation
C. Forest cover
D. Traditional irrigation
Ans: B
27. The major aim of multipurpose river valley projects is to
A. Control floods only
B. Generate electricity only
C. Promote integrated development
D. Increase rainfall
Ans: C
28. Which of the following is a social impact of large dams?
A. Soil erosion
B. Loss of biodiversity
C. Displacement of people
D. Water pollution
Ans: C
29. The term “water stress” refers to
A. Excess availability of water
B. Scarcity of water resources
C. High rainfall
D. Flood situation
Ans: B
30. Which traditional water harvesting system is used in western Rajasthan?
A. Kul
B. Johad
C. Ahar-Pyne
D. Surangam
Ans: B
31. Ahar-Pyne system is mainly found in
A. Rajasthan
B. Tamil Nadu
C. Bihar
D. Kerala
Ans: C
32. Which river valley project is the oldest multipurpose project in India?
A. Bhakra Nangal
B. Hirakud
C. Damodar Valley
D. Tehri
Ans: C
33. Large dams have failed to control floods because
A. They reduce rainfall
B. They increase siltation
C. They promote irrigation
D. They store water
Ans: B
34. Which of the following leads to lowering of the water table?
A. Rainwater harvesting
B. Over-irrigation
C. Afforestation
D. Canal irrigation
Ans: B
35. Water pollution is caused when
A. Clean water flows in rivers
B. Untreated sewage enters water bodies
C. Rainwater is stored
D. Water is recycled
Ans: B
36. Which of the following is an environmental consequence of dams?
A. Increased crop yield
B. Submergence of forests
C. Electricity generation
D. Irrigation facilities
Ans: B
37. Which state promotes rooftop rainwater harvesting in urban areas?
A. Punjab
B. Haryana
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Assam
Ans: C
38. Which of the following is the most effective long-term solution to water scarcity?
A. Building more dams
B. Transferring river water
C. Water conservation and management
D. Excess groundwater use
Ans: C
39. The overuse of chemical fertilisers affects water resources by
A. Increasing rainfall
B. Improving groundwater quality
C. Causing water pollution
D. Conserving water
Ans: C
40. Which of the following is a major criticism of large dams?
A. High cost
B. Long construction period
C. Ecological imbalance
D. All of these
Ans: D
41. Water scarcity can exist even in areas of
A. Low rainfall
B. High rainfall
C. Desert regions
D. Plateau regions
Ans: B
42. Which one of the following promotes sustainable water use?
A. Excess irrigation
B. Water-intensive crops
C. Rainwater harvesting
D. River pollution
Ans: C
43. The biggest source of water pollution in rivers is
A. Agricultural runoff
B. Industrial effluents
C. Domestic sewage
D. Mining waste
Ans: C
44. Which crop requires maximum water?
A. Wheat
B. Rice
C. Pulses
D. Millets
Ans: B
45. Which of the following best defines water conservation?
A. Storing water in dams
B. Judicious use of water
C. Using groundwater freely
D. Increasing water consumption
Ans: B
46. Which region faces seasonal water scarcity?
A. Desert regions
B. Areas with irregular rainfall
C. Coastal plains
D. Delta regions
Ans: B
47. The major reason for declining groundwater levels in cities is
A. Traditional wells
B. Excess use of tube wells
C. Rainfall
D. River water
Ans: B
48. Which river project is associated with Odisha?
A. Bhakra Nangal
B. Tehri
C. Hirakud
D. Sardar Sarovar
Ans: C
49. Water disputes between states arise mainly due to
A. Climate change
B. Unequal access to water
C. Floods
D. Cyclones
Ans: B
50. Which one is NOT a traditional water harvesting system?
A. Johad
B. Kul
C. Tanka
D. Tube well
Ans: D
51. Which factor does NOT contribute to water scarcity?
A. Population growth
B. Industrialisation
C. Water conservation
D. Urbanisation
Ans: C
52. Excessive dam construction affects rivers by
A. Increasing natural flow
B. Interrupting sediment flow
C. Reducing evaporation
D. Improving biodiversity
Ans: B
54. Which practice helps in improving groundwater recharge?
A. Paving open land
B. Rainwater harvesting
C. Excess pumping
D. Industrial waste disposal
Ans: B
55. Which of the following is a demand-side solution to water scarcity?
A. Building reservoirs
B. Water conservation
C. River linking
D. Dam construction
Ans: B
56. Sustainable water management aims at
A. Maximum water use
B. Long-term availability of water
C. Short-term benefits
D. Industrial expansion
Ans: B
ASSERTION – REASON QUESTIONS (10)
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
1. A: Water scarcity is increasing in India.
R: Water resources are being over-exploited.
Ans: A
2. A: Dams help in economic development.
R: They provide irrigation and hydroelectric power.
Ans: A
3. A: Multipurpose projects are opposed by many people.
R: They cause displacement of local communities.
Ans: A
4. A: Rainwater harvesting is necessary.
R: Groundwater level is declining.
Ans: A
5. A: Industrialisation leads to water pollution.
R: Industries discharge untreated waste into rivers.
Ans: A
6. A: Water resources are unlimited.
R: Water cycle continues naturally.
Ans: D
7. A: Traditional water harvesting systems were effective.
R: They were suited to local conditions.
Ans: A
8. A: Urban areas face severe water scarcity.
R: There is excessive extraction of groundwater.
Ans: A
9. A: Agriculture uses very little water.
R: Irrigation requires large amount of water.
Ans: D
10. A: Sustainable development is essential.
R: Resources must be conserved for future generations.
Ans: A
MAP-BASED IDENTIFICATION QUESTIONS (INDIA MAP)
Q1. On the political map of India, a dam marked on the Sutlej River in Punjab–Himachal region is
A. Tehri Dam
B. Bhakra Nangal Dam
C. Hirakud Dam
D. Sardar Sarovar Dam
Ans: B
Q2. Identify the dam marked on the Mahanadi River in Odisha.
A. Bhakra
B. Tehri
C. Hirakud
D. Nagarjuna Sagar
Ans: C
Q3. A dam marked in Uttarakhand on the Bhagirathi River is
A. Hirakud
B. Tehri
C. Sardar Sarovar
D. Rihand
Ans: B
Q4. Which dam is marked on the Narmada River in Gujarat–Madhya Pradesh region?
A. Bhakra Nangal
B. Nagarjuna Sagar
C. Sardar Sarovar
D. Tehri
Ans: C
Q5. Identify the dam built on the Krishna River marked in Telangana–Andhra Pradesh region.
A. Hirakud
B. Nagarjuna Sagar
C. Bhakra
D. Tehri
Ans: B
Q6. A dam marked on the Damodar River in Jharkhand–West Bengal is
A. Tehri
B. Bhakra
C. Damodar Valley Project
D. Sardar Sarovar
Ans: C
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