SET – 1 (ANSWER Key)
SOCIAL SCIENCE
2024-2025
1. D
2. A
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. B & D
7. C
8. B
9. D
10. B
11. C
12. D
13. C
14. C
15. B
16. B
17. B
18. C
19. D
20. B
21. The First World War had the following economic impact on India:
(i) In order to meet a huge rise in defense expenditure, the government increased taxes on individual incomes and business profits.
(ii) Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices which created great difficulties for the common people.
(iii) The war created a demand for industrial goods like jute bags, cloth, rail, etc. and caused a decline in imports from other countries into India.
(iv) Indian industries expanded during the war and Indian business groups began to demand greater opportunities for development.
(v) Business groups reaped fabulous profits from the war.
22. Vertical Division of Power- It is a system of power sharing among governments at different levels. For example, a general government for the entire country and governments at provincial or regional levels. In India, we refer to it as the Central Government, State Governments, Local body governments etc. The Constitution lays down the powers of different levels of government.
23. (1) Arid soils:
(i) They range from red to brown in colour.
(ii) They are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature.
(iii) ln some areas, the soil contains high percentage of soluble salt and lack in organic matter.
(iv) Soil lacks humus and moisture.
(v) The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar.
(vi) These sols can become cultivable if irrigation facilities are made available as has been in the case of western Rajasthan.
(b) Places: These soils are found in arid areas of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.
or
(2) Forest soils:
(i) They are found in mountainous area. (ii) They are loamy and silty in valley slides and coarse grained in the upper slopes. (iii)In the snow covered areas of the Himalayas they are acidic with low humus content.
(b) Places: They are found in the hilly and mountainous areas where sufficient rain forests are available. These places are Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.
24. The Indian government had put barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment to protect domestic producers from foreign competition, especially when industries had just begun to come up in the 1950s and 1960s. At this time, competition from imports would have been a death blow to growing industries. Hence, India allowed imports of essential goods only.
In New Economic Policy in 1991, the government wished to remove these barriers because it felt that domestic producers were ready to compete with foreign industries. It felt that foreign competition would in fact improve the quality of goods produced by Indian industries. This decision was also supported by powerful international organisations.
25. The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931 before the Second Round Table Conference in London.
The following were the proposed conditions:
• Stopping of the civil disobedience movement by the Indian National Congress.
• Participation of Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference.
• Withdrawal of all laws issued by the British Government forcing checks on the exercises of the Indian National Congress.
• A release of prisoners arrested during Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Permit the free collection or manufacture of salt by persons near the seacoast.
Or
Role of Alluri Sitaram Raju in the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh
i. Alluri Sitaram Raju claimed that he had a variety of special powers like making astrological predictions healing people and surviving bullet shots
ii. The rebels proclaimed him as an incarnation of God.
iii. Raju was inspired by Gandhiji’s Non-Cooperation Movement
iv. Persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking.
v. But at the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force not non-violence.
vi. Used guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj. To be assessed as whole
26. Intensive industrilisation and urbanization have caused great pressure on the existing freshwater resources in the following ways :
i Water is used in industries in many ways. It is used as a coolant for machines.
ii Water is required to generate hydroelectricity to run industries as well as homes.
iii As a result of the rapid increase in population and urbanization the per capita consumption of water has also increased. Water is therefore critically short of supply.
27. Democracy is accountable and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens because:
1) In a democracy people have the right to choose their representatives and the people will have control over them.
2) Citizens have the right to participate in decision making that affects them all. This ensures that the working of the government is transparent.
3) Everybody expect the government to be attentive to the needs and expectations of the people.
4) It is expected that the democratic government develops mechanisms for citizens to hold the government accountable.
5) The opposition parties can also question and criticize the government policies. They keep a check on the ruling party and make sure that it does not misuse the power.
28.
• Reserve Bank of India provides the licence to the banks
• After this licence, they have the authority to regulate their bank in India
• Foreign banks also have to take permission from the RBI to establish their branch in India
• RBI provides approval to the different operations like policy formulation, implementation of Prudential Norms, Basel – II and III frameworks, validation of quantitative models on Credit and so forth
• So, all the banks running currently in India must have permission from RBI first to modify their operational process
• RBI also decides the salary packages of Whole-Time Directors and Part-Time Chairpersons of Private Sector Banks and Chief Executive Officers of Foreign Banks operating in India
• RBI also handles all the issues of Indian banks. Issues related to the liquidation of banking companies, customer service policy issues, Anti-Money Laundering, Combating Financing of Terrorism and so forth
• It handles all types of issues and provides appropriate guidance to resolve them
• The function of the RBI as a regulator of the money market is to regulate and manage the country’s foreign exchange.
• It is in charge of the country’s currency and gold reserves.
• The foreign exchange rate reflects the demand for and supply of foreign exchange resulting from trade and capital transactions on any given day.
• RBI works as a regulator of the money market. It also regulates the Financial Markets Department (FMD). It also checks and regulates all the functions which are done under the foreign exchange market. It facilitates this foreign regulation by selling and buying foreign currency, which helps in reducing the volatility during the time of excess demand for foreign currency in the market.
29. “Sharing of power between states and the centre governments is the basic to the structure of the Constitution of India” because without this division of power it will be impossible to coexist in a diverse country like India.
The states are significant parts of the union and the jurisdiction of both the state and union overlap at many areas hence it is important to demarcate the boundaries which are effectively done by the Constitution in India.The Constitution clearly provided a three–fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Governments.
i Union List includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country foreign affairs banking communication and currency. The Union Government alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the Union List.
ii State List contains subjects of State and local importance such as police trade commerce agriculture and irrigation. The State Governments alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the State List.This allows the constitution to avoid any conflict of power and clear jurisdictions.
30. The statement "not everyone welcomed the printed book" means that while the printing press brought significant changes, many people in 16th century Europe, particularly religious authorities and established scholars, feared the widespread circulation of printed materials due to concerns about potential for spreading "rebellious" and "irreligious" ideas, which could undermine their power and the authority of existing knowledge; a prime example being the anxieties of the Catholic Church regarding Martin Luther's "Ninety-Five Theses" which were widely disseminated through printing, challenging Church practices and sparking the Protestant Reformation.
Key points to remember:
• Fear of losing control over information:
With the printing press, anyone could potentially publish their thoughts, leading to a fear that "uncontrolled" ideas could spread, potentially causing unrest and questioning established authority.
• Threat to established scholars:
Some scholars worried that the easy availability of printed materials would diminish the value of their own knowledge and expertise, as anyone could now access information previously only available to a privileged few.
• Religious concerns:
The Catholic Church was particularly apprehensive about the potential for printed materials to spread heretical views, like those expressed by Martin Luther in his "Ninety-Five Theses" which criticized Church practices and led to widespread religious dissent.
Example:
• Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation: When Martin Luther published his "Ninety-Five Theses" criticizing the Catholic Church, the printing press allowed his ideas to rapidly spread across Europe, leading to a major religious movement that challenged the Church's authority. This demonstrates how the printing press facilitated the dissemination of ideas that could be seen as disruptive by established powers.
Or
In the seventeenth century, many cities had come up in China. As tire urban culture
spread, the uses of print also increased. It was used in different fields as mentioned below:
(i) It was used by scholar officials.
(ii) Merchants used it to collect trade information.
(iii) Reading printed material became a leisure activity. So, people started reading fictional
narratives, poetry, autobiographies, anthologies of literary master pieces, and romantic plays.
(iv) Women began publishing their poetry and plays.
(v) Wives of scholar-officials published their works and courtesans wrote about their lives.
(b) The new reading culture had the following effects:
(i) It brought western printing techniques and mechanical presses into China.
(ii) Shanghai became the hub of the new print culture’ Thus, there was natural change from hand printing to mechanical printing.
31. i Land reforms: Collectivisation consolidation of holdings cooperation and abolition of zamindari.
ii Agricultural reforms: Green revolution and White revolution.
iii Land development programmes: Provision for crop insurance against drought flood cyclone etc. establishment of Grameen banks Cooperative societies and banks for providing loans
iv Issuing of Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme etc.
v Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers on radio and TV.
vi Government announces Minimum Support Price MSP and remunerative and procurement prices to clreck exploitation.
vii The government provides HYV seeds and fertilisers.
viii Government provides technical assistance and training for farmers.
ix Soil testing facilities cold storage and transportation facilities are provided by government for farmers.
Or
The geographical conditions required for the growth of rice are as follows:
i) It is a kharif crop which requires hot and humid climate for cultivation. Temperature (above 25°C) and high humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm are favourable for the growth of rice.
ii) Rich alluvial soils of the floodplains and deltaic areas which are renewed every year are ideal for rice cultivation.
iii) Rice requires abundant rainfall or good water supply through irrigation and flooded fields during the earlier part of its growing season in June-July.
32. Secularism is the very idea of the Indian Constitution" is justified because the Indian Constitution explicitly promotes the concept of secularism by guaranteeing freedom of religion to all citizens, prohibiting discrimination based on religion, and not establishing any state religion, making it a core principle of the nation's governance and identity; essentially, the Constitution is built upon the foundation of treating all religions equally.
Key points to support this statement:
• Explicit inclusion in the Preamble:
The word "secular" was added to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution through the 42nd Amendment, signifying the state's commitment to secularism.
• Article 25-28:
These articles in the Constitution guarantee the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate any religion, subject to public order and morality.
• No state religion:
India does not have an official state religion, ensuring neutrality in religious matters.
• Prohibition of discrimination based on religion:
The Constitution explicitly prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion.
OR
Give proper value to ‘women’s work’
The unpaid work women and girls do provide the foundation for the global economy. This fact needs to be highlighted more in the media, with the private sector, and in communities.
Get women into power
A proven way to overcome many systemic barriers to a woman’s success has been increased participation by women in local, regional and national legislation as empowered change agents.
Encourage women into non-traditional vocations
Supporting women in non-traditional jobs is crucial in not only making long-lasting change in their lives but also help break social taboos.
Stop the violence
The UN has found that globally, one in three women will experience violence in her lifetime, with most violence against women perpetrated by a current or former intimate partner.
Stop child marriage and sexual harassment
If we want girls to be able to complete education we have to end child marriage. We also have to seriously address sexual harassment of girls.
Make education gender sensitive
There has been much progress in increasing access to education, but progress has been slow in improving the gender sensitivity of the education system, including ensuring textbooks promote positive stereotypes.
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