SET – 3 (ANSWER Key)
SOCIAL SCIENCE
2024-2025
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. D
10. C
11. B
12. D
13. B
14. C
15. B
16. B
17. D
18. A & D
19. A
20. D
SECTION - B
21. Power sharing is good because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
The second reason is that a democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise and who have to live with its effects. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.
22. Employment Growth: The creation of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) has increased the number of new jobs that are available.
Increase in Compensation:
High Level of Living:
Encourages Mutual Understanding across Cultures: ...
Encourages Economic Growth:
23. The First World War had the following economic impact on India:
(iv) In order to meet a huge rise in defense expenditure, the government increased taxes on individual incomes and business profits.
(ii) Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices which created great difficulties for the common people.
(v) The war created a demand for industrial goods like jute bags, cloth, rail, etc. and caused a decline in imports from other countries into India.
(iv) Indian industries expanded during the war and Indian business groups began to demand greater opportunities for development.
24. (1) Arid soils:
(i) They range from red to brown in colour.
(ii) They are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature.
(iii) ln some areas, the soil contains high percentage of soluble salt and lack in organic matter.
(iv) Soil lacks humus and moisture.
(v) The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar.
(vi) These sols can become cultivable if irrigation facilities are made available as has been in the case of western Rajasthan.
Places: These soils are found in arid areas of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.
OR
(2) Forest soils:
(i) They are found in mountainous area. (ii) They are loamy and silty in valley slides and coarse grained in the upper slopes. (iii)In the snow covered areas of the Himalayas they are acidic with low humus content.
(b) Places: They are found in the hilly and mountainous areas where sufficient rain forests are available. These places are Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.
SECTION - B
25. The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) is a significant initiative launched by the Government of India in August 2019 with the aim of providing safe and adequate drinking water to every rural household by 2024. Conserve water, Minimize wastage, Manage water resources in such a way that there is an equal distribution of water across the nation.
26. Democracy is accountable and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens because:
1) In a democracy people have the right to choose their representatives and the people will have control over them.
2) Citizens have the right to participate in decision making that affects them all. This ensures that the working of the government is transparent.
3) Everybody expect the government to be attentive to the needs and expectations of the people.
4) It is expected that the democratic government develops mechanisms for citizens to hold the government accountable.
5) The opposition parties can also question and criticize the government policies. They keep a check on the ruling party and make sure that it does not misuse the power.
27. The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931 before the Second Round Table Conference in London.
The following were the proposed conditions:
• Stopping of the civil disobedience movement by the Indian National Congress.
• Participation of Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference.
• Withdrawal of all laws issued by the British Government forcing checks on the exercises of the Indian National Congress.
• A release of prisoners arrested during Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Permit the free collection or manufacture of salt by persons near the seacoast.
Or
Role of Alluri Sitaram Raju in the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh
Alluri Sitaram Raju claimed that he had a variety of special powers like making astrological predictions healing people and surviving bullet shots
The rebels proclaimed him as an incarnation of God.
Raju was inspired by Gandhiji’s Non-Cooperation Movement
Persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking.
But at the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force not non-violence.
Used guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj. To be assessed as whole
28. Safety: Bank deposits are considered one of the safest ways to save money.
• Interest: In exchange for depositing money, the bank pays interest to the depositor.
• Security: Deposit insurance schemes protect depositor funds in case the bank runs into financial difficulties.
Benefits to banks
• Funding: Deposits are a bank's cheapest and most stable source of funding.
• Loans: Banks use deposits to extend loans to businesses and individuals.
• Economic growth: Banks help connect people with surplus funds to those who need funds, which contributes to economic growth.
29. The Indian federal system has several characteristics, including division of powers, a single judiciary, and a written constitution.
Division of powers
• The Constitution of India divides powers between the state and the union.
• The Union works according to List I, while the state works according to List II.
• The Concurrent List gives power to both the state and the union to make laws.
Judiciary
• India has a single judicial system with the Supreme Court at the top.
• The High Courts are at the state level, and district and other subordinate courts are below.
• The High Courts supervise the district and other subordinate courts.
Written constitution
• The Constitution of India is the constitution for the whole Indian federation.
• The Constitution has a clear division of powers.
• The Constitution has provided for a Supreme Court.
SECTION - D
30. Johannes Gutenberg was a German inventor who created the first printing press using movable type. His invention revolutionized the printing industry and made books more accessible to the masses.
Gutenberg's contributions
• Movable type
Gutenberg invented a method of printing using movable type made from an alloy of lead, tin, and antimony.
• Oil-based ink
Gutenberg created an oil-based ink that adhered well to metal type and transferred well to paper.
• Printing press
Gutenberg adapted a wooden printing press from those used for wine, oil, or paper.
Impact of the printing press
• The printing press helped create a more uniform language.
• It made books more affordable and widely accessible.
• It allowed ideas and language to spread on an unprecedented scale in Europe.
• It ushered in an “information revolution”.
Gutenberg's masterwork
Gutenberg's masterwork was the “Forty-Two-Line” Bible, which he finished no later than 1455.
OR
Print Comes to India
In the mid-sixteenth century, the first printing press came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries. Catholic priests printed the first Tamil book in 1579 at Cochin, and in 1713 the first Malayalam book was printed by them. The English press grew quite late in India, even though the English East India Company began to import presses in the late seventeenth century. A weekly magazine named the Bengal Gazette was edited by James Augustus Hickey. Advertisements were published by Hickey and he also published a lot of gossip about the Company’s senior officials in India. By the close of the eighteenth century, a number of newspapers and journals appeared in print.
Religious Reform and Public Debates
Religious issues became intense in the early nineteenth century. People started criticizing existing practices and campaigning for reform, while others countered the arguments of reformers. Printed tracts and newspapers spread new ideas and shaped the nature of the debate. New ideas emerged, and intense controversies erupted between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood and idolatry. In 1821, Rammohun Roy published the Sambad Kaumudi. In 1822, two Persian newspapers published Jam-i-Jahan Nama and Shamsul Akhbar. In the same year, a Gujarati newspaper, the Bombay Samachar, was established. The Deoband Seminary, founded in 1867, published thousands upon thousands of fatwas telling Muslim readers how to conduct themselves in their everyday lives and explaining the meanings of Islamic doctrines.
New Forms of Publication
New kinds of writing were introduced as more and more people got interested in reading. In Europe, the novel, a literary firm, was developed to cater to the needs of people who acquired Indian forms and styles. New literary forms entered the world of reading, such as lyrics, short stories, and essays about social and political matters. New visual culture took shape by the end of the nineteenth century. Cheap calendars were available in the bazaar, which could be bought even by the poor to decorate the walls of their homes or places of work. These prints began shaping popular ideas about modernity and tradition, religion and politics, and society and culture. Caricatures and cartoons were being published in journals and newspapers, commenting on social and political issues by the 1870s.
Women and Print
Women’s reading increased enormously in middle-class homes. Schools were set up in cities for women. Journals also started carrying writings by women and explaining why women should be educated. But, Conservative Hindus believed that a literate girl would be widowed and Muslims feared that educated women would be corrupted by reading Urdu romances. Social reforms and novels created a great interest in women’s lives and emotions. In the early twentieth century, journals written and edited by women became extremely popular. In Bengal, an entire area in central Calcutta – the Battala – was devoted to the printing of popular books. By the late nineteenth century, a lot of these books were profusely illustrated with woodcuts and coloured lithographs. Pedlars took the Battala publications to homes, enabling women to read them in their leisure time.
Print and the Poor People
Cheap books were bought at markets. Public libraries were set up mostly located in cities and towns. In the late 19th century, caste discrimination started coming up in many printed tracts and essays. Factory workers lacked the education to write much about their experience. In 1938, Kashibaba wrote and published Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal 1938 to show the links between caste and class exploitation. In the 1930s, Bangalore cotton millworkers set up libraries to educate themselves.
31. Secularism is the very idea of the Indian Constitution" is justified because the Indian Constitution explicitly promotes the concept of secularism by guaranteeing freedom of religion to all citizens, prohibiting discrimination based on religion, and not establishing any state religion, making it a core principle of the nation's governance and identity; essentially, the Constitution is built upon the foundation of treating all religions equally.
Key points to support this statement:
• Explicit inclusion in the Preamble:
The word "secular" was added to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution through the 42nd Amendment, signifying the state's commitment to secularism.
• Article 25-28:
These articles in the Constitution guarantee the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate any religion, subject to public order and morality.
• No state religion:
India does not have an official state religion, ensuring neutrality in religious matters.
• Prohibition of discrimination based on religion:
The Constitution explicitly prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion.
OR
Give proper value to ‘women’s work’
The unpaid work women and girls do provide the foundation for the global economy. This fact needs to be highlighted more in the media, with the private sector, and in communities.
Get women into power
A proven way to overcome many systemic barriers to a woman’s success has been increased participation by women in local, regional and national legislation as empowered change agents.
Encourage women into non-traditional vocations
Supporting women in non-traditional jobs is crucial in not only making long-lasting change in their lives but also help break social taboos.
Stop the violence
The UN has found that globally, one in three women will experience violence in her lifetime, with most violence against women perpetrated by a current or former intimate partner.
Stop child marriage and sexual harassment
If we want girls to be able to complete education we have to end child marriage. We also have to seriously address sexual harassment of girls.
Make education gender sensitive
There has been much progress in increasing access to education, but progress has been slow in improving the gender sensitivity of the education system, including ensuring textbooks promote positive stereotypes.
32. Public Sector Private Sector
Definition
Public sector organisations are owned, controlled and managed by the government or other state-run bodies.
Private sector organisations are owned, controlled and managed by individuals, groups or business entities.
Ownership
The ownership of the public sector units can be by central, state or local government bodies, and this ownership is either full or partial.
The ownership of private sector units is by individuals or entities with zero interference from the government.
Motive
The main motive of public sector organisations is to engage in activities that serve the general public.
The main motive of the private sector is to earn profits from their business operations.
Source of Capital
The capital for public sector undertakings comes from tax collections, excise and other duties, bonds, treasury bills etc.
The capital for private sector entities comes either from its owners or through loans, issuing shares and debentures, etc.
Employment Benefits
Public sector units provide several employment benefits like job security, housing facilities, allowances and retirement benefits.
Private sector units offer benefits like higher salary packages, better chances of promotion and recognition, competitive environment and greater incentives in terms of bonus and other benefits.
Stability
Jobs within the public sector are very stable since the chances of getting sacked due to non-performance are very low. Jobs within the private sector are not very secure since non-performance can lead to sacking. Companies can also fire people in case of cost cutting or scaling down of operations.
Promotions
The criteria for promotion in the public sector units is generally based on the seniority of the employee.
The criteria for promotion in the private sector units is generally based on the merit and job performance of the employee.
Areas
Some of the main areas that come under the public sector are police, military, mining, manufacturing, healthcare, education, transport, banking, etc.
Some of the main areas that come under the private sector are information technology, finance, fast moving consumer goods, construction, hospitality, pharmaceuticals, etc.
OR
1. Diversification of Agriculture:- More than 60 % our workers are employed in agriculture but our farmers are producing only limited crops. There is need to diversify agriculture. Farmers should be encouraged to adopt pisiculture, horticulture animal rearing etc. along with cultivation of crop. The government can spend some money or banks can provide a loan, to construct wells or other irrigation facilities to irrigate the land. A dam can be constructed or canals can be dug to irrigate many farms. This could lead to a lot of employment generation within the agricultural sector itself reducing the problem of underemployment
2. Cheap Credit:- Most of the farmers depend on informal sources of credit. Government should encourage the commercial banks to provide loans to the farmers at cheaper rates.
3. Provision of basic facilities:- Our rural areas lack basic facilities like roads, transportation, banking, market etc. The government should invest some money in these sectors so that Indian village can be linked to other market. This activity can provide productive employment to not just for farmers but also other such as those in services like transport or trade.
4. Promotion of local industries:- Promote and locate industries especially the cottage and small scale industries in semi rural areas where a large number of people may be employed.
5. Improvement in Education & Health:- Most of the Indian villages lack education and health facilities. A study conducted by the planning commission estimates that nearly 20 lakh job can be created in education sector alone. Similarly. We need many more doctors, nurses, health workers in rural areas.
6. Tourism or regional craft industry, or new services like IT require proper planning and support from the government. Study by the Planning Commission say that if tourism as a sector is improved, every year we can give additional employment to more than 35 lakh people.
34. Cropping patterns in India are primarily characterized by the distinct seasonal variations, with three major cropping seasons - Kharif (monsoon), Rabi (winter), and Zaid (summer) - where different crops are grown based on the prevailing climate, soil type, and water availability in different regions, often including practices like mixed cropping and crop rotation to maximize yield and manage risks.
Key features of cropping patterns in India:
• Seasonal Variation:
• Kharif Crops: Grown during the monsoon season (June-October), including rice, maize, sugarcane, jute, and cotton, primarily in areas with heavy rainfall.
• Rabi Crops: Cultivated during the winter season (October-March), including wheat, barley, gram, mustard, and peas, mainly in regions with moderate temperatures.
• Zaid Crops: Short-duration crops grown between Kharif and Rabi seasons, like vegetables (cucumber, watermelon), fodder crops, and certain pulses, depending on water availability.
Or
• Major millet crops grown in India, like
• Jowar (Sorghum), Bajra (Pearl millet), and Ragi (Finger millet),
• are characterized by their high drought resistance,
• short growing season,
• ability to thrive in poor soil conditions, and
• significant nutritional value, making them ideal for cultivation in semi-arid regions with limited water availability,
• rich in protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals like calcium and iron;
• Considered a valuable food source, particularly for rural populations.
34.
a. Magnetite with 70% iron
b. Hematite
c. Iron ore is a basic mineral because it is the primary raw material for steel production which is crucial for various industries making it the foundation of industrial development.
35.
a. Assured employement with fixed working hours and regular pay.
b. Provident fund, gratuity, health insurance
c. It is necessary to all self employed people to register with the government to ensure compliance with tax laws and regulations and to avail themselves of potentials benefits like government schemes and subsidies.
36.
a. A key political demand of liberals during this period was the establishment of constitutional monarchies
b. Fear of repression from conservative government
c. Repressive policies, Political instability, Need for organizations and training.
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