Chapter - 6 Population

Chapter - 6  Population 

What is Population? :- Population refers to the total number of people living in a country at a specific time.

Population Size and Distribution

• As per the Census 2011, India's population was over 1.21 billion.
• Population is unevenly distributed across states:
• Highly populated: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar
• Less populated: Sikkim, Mizoram, Lakshadweep

Population Density: Number of people living per square kilometer.

• Population Density = Total Population / Land Area
• High Density: Delhi, Bihar
• Low Density: Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram

Population Growth:- The increase in the number of people over time. Two types of growth

• Natural Growth = Birth rate – Death rate
• Actual Growth = Natural Growth + Migration

 Birth Rate, Death Rate & Migration

• Birth Rate: Number of births per 1,000 people per year
• Death Rate: Number of deaths per 1,000 people per year
• Migration: Movement of people from one place to another
• In-migration: Moving into a place
• External-migration: Moving out from on country to another country

Characteristics of Population (Population Composition)

• Age structure: Children, working-age, elderly
• Sex ratio: Number of females per 1000 males
• Literacy rate: % of people aged 7+ who can read and write
• Occupational structure:
• Primary (agriculture)
• Secondary (industry)
• Tertiary (services)

Census:- An official count of the population, held every 10 years in India.

Health:- Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being.

Adolescents:- Adolescents are, generallly, grouped in the age of 10 to 19 years.

National Population Policy (NPP):- Launched in: 2000, The National Population Policy (NPP) is a policy created by the Government of India to manage and stabilize the country’s growing population and improve the quality of life for its people.

Main Goal: 

• Compulsary education up to 14 years of age.
• Reduce infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births
• Reduce maternal mortality rate to below 100 per 100,000 live births
• Achieve universal immunization of children
• Promote delayed marriage for girls (minimum age: 18 years)
• Encourage small family norms

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