Chapter - 6 Population
What is Population? :- Population refers to the total number of people living in a country at a specific time.
Population Size and Distribution
- As per the Census 2011, India's population was over 1.21 billion.
- Population is unevenly distributed across states:
- Highly populated: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar
- Less populated: Sikkim, Mizoram, Lakshadweep
Population Density: Number of people living per square kilometer.
- Population Density = Total Population / Land Area
- High Density: Delhi, Bihar
- Low Density: Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram
Population Growth:- The increase in the number of people over time. Two types of growth
- Natural Growth = Birth rate – Death rate
- Actual Growth = Natural Growth + Migration
Birth Rate, Death Rate & Migration
- Birth Rate: Number of births per 1,000 people per year
- Death Rate: Number of deaths per 1,000 people per year
- Migration: Movement of people from one place to another
- In-migration: Moving into a place
- External-migration: Moving out from on country to another country
Characteristics of Population (Population Composition)
- Age structure: Children, working-age, elderly
- Sex ratio: Number of females per 1000 males
- Literacy rate: % of people aged 7+ who can read and write
- Occupational structure:
- Primary (agriculture)
- Secondary (industry)
- Tertiary (services)
Census:- An official count of the population, held every 10 years in India.
Health:- Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being.
Adolescents:- Adolescents are, generallly, grouped in the age of 10 to 19 years.
National Population Policy (NPP):- Launched in: 2000, The National Population Policy (NPP) is a policy created by the Government of India to manage and stabilize the country’s growing population and improve the quality of life for its people.
Main Goal:
- Compulsary education up to 14 years of age.
- Reduce infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births
- Reduce maternal mortality rate to below 100 per 100,000 live births
- Achieve universal immunization of children
- Promote delayed marriage for girls (minimum age: 18 years)
- Encourage small family norms
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