Chapter 2: Nutrition in Animals Worksheet
Chapter 2: Nutrition in Animals
Worksheet
I. Multiple Choice Questions
1. What is the process of taking food into the body called?
(a) Digestion
(b) Ingestion
(c) Absorption
(d) Egestion
Answer: (b) Ingestion
2. Which organ produces bile?
(a) Pancreas
(b) Stomach
(c) Liver
(d) Small intestine
Answer: (c) Liver
3. Where does the digestion of starch begin in humans?
(a) Stomach
(b) Small intestine
(c) Buccal cavity
(d) Large intestine
Answer: (c) Buccal cavity
4. Which type of teeth is used for piercing and tearing food?
(a) Incisors
(b) Canines
(c) Premolars
(d) Molars
Answer: (b) Canines
5. What are the finger-like projections present in the small intestine called?
(a) Pseudopodia
(b) Villi
(c) Alveoli
(d) Cilia
Answer: (b) Villi
6. Which organ mainly absorbs digested food?
(a) Stomach
(b) Large intestine
(c) Small intestine
(d) Oesophagus
Answer: (c) Small intestine
7. Which acid is present in the stomach?
(a) Nitric acid
(b) Hydrochloric acid
(c) Sulphuric acid
(d) Acetic acid
Answer: (b) Hydrochloric acid
8. Which of the following is a ruminant?
(a) Dog
(b) Cow
(c) Cat
(d) Human
Answer: (b) Cow
9. What is the process of bringing swallowed food back to the mouth and chewing it again called?
(a) Digestion
(b) Rumination
(c) Absorption
(d) Egestion
Answer: (b) Rumination
10. Amoeba captures food with the help of:
(a) Villi
(b) Tentacles
(c) Pseudopodia
(d) Teeth
Answer: (c) Pseudopodia
11. Where is food digested in Amoeba?
(a) Nucleus
(b) Food vacuole
(c) Cell membrane
(d) Cytoplasm
Answer: (b) Food vacuole
12. Which organ mainly absorbs water from undigested food?
(a) Stomach
(b) Small intestine
(c) Large intestine
(d) Oesophagus
Answer: (c) Large intestine
13. Which substance present in saliva helps in the digestion of starch?
(a) Saliva
(b) Bile
(c) Hydrochloric acid
(d) Pancreatic juice
Answer: (a) Saliva
14. Proteins are finally broken down into:
(a) Fatty acids
(b) Glucose
(c) Amino acids
(d) Starch
Answer: (c) Amino acids
15. What is the removal of undigested food from the body called?
(a) Ingestion
(b) Absorption
(c) Egestion
(d) Assimilation
Answer: (c) Egestion
II. Fill in the Blanks
1. What is the process of taking food into the body called?
Answer: Ingestion
2. What is the largest gland in the human body?
Answer: Liver
3. Which acid is secreted by the stomach?
Answer: Hydrochloric acid
4. What are the finger-like projections in the small intestine called?
Answer: Villi
5. Which digestive juice is produced by the liver?
Answer: Bile
6. Where do ruminants store swallowed grass?
Answer: Rumen
7. What is the process of chewing cud called?
Answer: Rumination
8. Which structures does Amoeba use to capture food?
Answer: Pseudopodia
9. In which part of the alimentary canal is digested food mainly absorbed?
Answer: Small intestine
10. What is the removal of undigested food from the body called?
Answer: Egestion
III. True or False
1. Does the digestion of starch begin in the mouth?
Answer: True
2. Does the liver produce bile?
Answer: True
3. Is the large intestine mainly responsible for the complete digestion of food?
Answer: False
4. Do villi increase the surface area for absorption of digested food?
Answer: True
5. Does Amoeba have a well-developed alimentary canal?
Answer: False
6. Is a cow a ruminant?
Answer: True
7. Is hydrochloric acid secreted by the stomach?
Answer: True
8. Does the oesophagus carry food from the stomach to the mouth?
Answer: False
9. Can humans digest cellulose in the same way as cattle?
Answer: False
10. Does the pancreas produce pancreatic juice?
Answer: True
IV. Match the Following
Questions
Match the items in Column A with the correct function in Column B.
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| 1. Incisors | (a) Bile production |
| 2. Canines | (b) Absorption of water |
| 3. Liver | (c) Cutting and biting |
| 4. Large intestine | (d) Food digestion in Amoeba |
| 5. Villi | (e) Piercing and tearing |
| 6. Pseudopodia | (f) Acid secretion |
| 7. Stomach | (g) Absorption of digested food |
| 8. Rumen | (h) False feet |
| 9. Food vacuole | (i) Storage of grass |
| 10. Pancreas | (j) Pancreatic juice |
Answers
Incisors — (c) Cutting and biting
Canines — (e) Piercing and tearing
Liver — (a) Bile production
Large intestine — (b) Absorption of water
Villi — (g) Absorption of digested food
Pseudopodia — (h) False feet
Stomach — (f) Acid secretion
Rumen — (i) Storage of grass
Food vacuole — (d) Food digestion in Amoeba
V. Assertion–Reason Questions
Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Choose the correct option:
A – Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B – Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C – A is true, but R is false.
D – A is false, but R is true.
1. Villi and Absorption
Assertion (A): The small intestine has finger-like projections called villi that help in the absorption of digested food.
Reason (R): The villi increase the surface area of the inner lining of the small intestine for absorption.
Answer: (A)
2. Ruminants and Cellulose Digestion
Assertion (A): Ruminants can digest cellulose present in plant food.
Reason (R): Certain bacteria present in the rumen help ruminants digest cellulose.
Answer: (A)
3. Saliva and Starch Digestion
Assertion (A): The digestion of starch begins in the buccal cavity.
Reason (R): Saliva breaks down starch into simpler sugars.
Answer: (A)
4. Digestion of Cellulose in Humans
Assertion (A): Humans cannot digest cellulose in the same way as ruminants.
Reason (R): Humans do not have the necessary bacteria in their digestive system that help ruminants digest cellulose.
Answer: (A)
5. Large Intestine and Water Absorption
Assertion (A): The large intestine absorbs water from the undigested food.
Reason (R): The large intestine is wider and shorter than the small intestine.
Answer: (B)
VI. Very Short Answer Questions
1. What is nutrition?
Answer: Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain food and utilise it for growth, energy and repair.
2. What is ingestion?
Answer: Ingestion is the process of taking food into the body.
3. Name the three major digestive glands.
Answer: Salivary glands, liver and pancreas.
4. What is the function of the oesophagus?
Answer: It carries swallowed food from the buccal cavity to the stomach.
5. What is the function of saliva?
Answer: Saliva moistens food and begins the digestion of starch.
6. What are villi?
Answer: Villi are finger-like projections on the inner wall of the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption.
7. What is rumination?
Answer: Rumination is the process in which ruminants bring swallowed food back to the mouth and chew it again.
8. What are pseudopodia?
Answer: Pseudopodia are temporary finger-like projections or false feet of Amoeba used for movement and capturing food.
9. Where does Amoeba digest its food?
Answer: Amoeba digests its food inside the food vacuole.
10. What is egestion?
Answer: Egestion is the removal of undigested food from the body.
VII. Short Answer Questions
1. Explain the five main steps of nutrition in humans.
Answer:
The five main steps are:
Ingestion – taking food into the body.
Digestion – breaking complex food into simpler substances.
Absorption – passage of digested food into the blood.
Assimilation – utilisation of absorbed nutrients by body cells.
Egestion – removal of undigested food.
2. Describe the functions of different types of teeth.
Answer:
Incisors cut and bite food.
Canines pierce and tear food.
Premolars and molars chew and grind food.
3. What are the functions of the tongue during eating?
Answer:
The tongue mixes food with saliva, helps in swallowing and allows us to taste food. It also helps move food inside the mouth during chewing.
4. Explain the role of the stomach in digestion.
Answer:
The stomach is a thick-walled, J-shaped organ. It churns food and secretes mucus, hydrochloric acid and digestive juices. The acid makes the medium suitable for digestive action and helps kill many bacteria, while digestive juices help digest proteins.
5. What are the functions of the liver and pancreas in digestion?
Answer:
The liver produces bile, which helps in the digestion of fats. The pancreas produces pancreatic juice, which acts on carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
6. Why are villi important for digestion and absorption?
Answer:
Villi are present on the inner wall of the small intestine. They greatly increase the surface area available for absorption. Their thin walls and blood vessels allow digested nutrients to pass into the blood.
7. Explain the process of rumination in cattle.
Answer:
Cattle quickly swallow grass and store it in the rumen. Later, the partially digested food comes back to the mouth as cud. The animal chews the cud thoroughly. This process is called rumination.
8. Why can ruminants digest cellulose whereas humans cannot?
Answer:
Ruminants have certain bacteria in their rumen that help digest cellulose. Humans do not have these bacteria in their digestive system and therefore cannot digest cellulose effectively.
9. Describe how Amoeba captures and digests its food.
Answer:
Amoeba surrounds food particles with its pseudopodia and engulfs them. The food gets enclosed in a food vacuole. Digestive juices act on the food inside the vacuole and break it into simpler substances, which are then absorbed.
10. Differentiate between absorption and assimilation.
Answer:
| Absorption | Assimilation |
|---|---|
| Digested food passes into the blood. | Absorbed nutrients are used by body cells. |
| Mainly occurs in the small intestine. | Occurs in different body cells and tissues. |
VIII. Long Answer Questions
1. Describe the human digestive system.
Answer:
The human digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and digestive glands. The alimentary canal includes the buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.
Food enters through the buccal cavity, where it is chewed and mixed with saliva. It then passes through the oesophagus to the stomach. Digestion continues in the stomach and is completed mainly in the small intestine. The digested food is absorbed through the villi of the small intestine. The large intestine absorbs water and some salts. Waste is stored in the rectum and removed through the anus.
2. Explain the complete process of digestion in humans.
Answer:
Digestion begins in the mouth. Teeth chew food and saliva begins the digestion of starch. The food passes through the oesophagus into the stomach, where it is churned and mixed with digestive juices.
In the small intestine, bile, pancreatic juice and intestinal juices complete digestion. Carbohydrates are converted into simple sugars, proteins into amino acids and fats into fatty acids and glycerol. These digested nutrients are absorbed through the villi. The large intestine absorbs water and salts. The remaining waste is removed from the body through the anus.
3. Describe digestion in the stomach and small intestine.
Answer:
The stomach secretes mucus, hydrochloric acid and digestive juices. Mucus protects the stomach lining, hydrochloric acid makes the medium acidic and helps kill bacteria, and digestive juices help digest proteins.
The small intestine receives bile from the liver and pancreatic juice from the pancreas. These, along with intestinal juice, complete digestion. The products of digestion are then absorbed into the blood through the villi.
4. Explain digestion in grass-eating animals.
Answer:
Grass-eating animals such as cows and buffaloes are ruminants. They quickly swallow grass and store it in the rumen. Microorganisms in the rumen help digest cellulose.
Later, partially digested food called cud comes back into the mouth. The animal chews the cud thoroughly and swallows it again. This process is called rumination.
5. Describe feeding and digestion in Amoeba.
Answer:
Amoeba uses pseudopodia to surround and engulf food particles. The food becomes enclosed in a food vacuole. Digestive juices are secreted into the food vacuole and break the food into simpler substances.
The digested food is absorbed and used for growth, maintenance and multiplication. The undigested residue is eventually expelled outside the cell.
6. Explain the five steps of nutrition.
Answer:
Ingestion: Taking food into the body.
Digestion: Breaking complex food into simpler substances.
Absorption: Passing digested nutrients into the blood.
Assimilation: Using absorbed nutrients for growth, repair and energy.
Egestion: Removing undigested food from the body.
Thus, nutrition in humans follows the sequence:
Ingestion → Digestion → Absorption → Assimilation → Egestion
7. Compare nutrition in humans, ruminants and Amoeba.
Answer:
| Feature | Humans | Ruminants | Amoeba |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mode of feeding | Through mouth | Grass is swallowed quickly | Pseudopodia engulf food |
| Site of digestion | Alimentary canal | Digestive system including rumen | Food vacuole |
| Special feature | Teeth, digestive glands and villi | Rumen bacteria and rumination | Pseudopodia |
| Absorption | Mainly in small intestine | Through intestine | Into the cell |
| Waste removal | Through anus | Through anus | Expelled from cell |
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