Worksheet – Class 9 Social Science (History)
Chapter 5: Harappan Civilization & Mesopotamian Civilization
Section A – Very Short Answer (1 mark each)
- Who discovered Harappa?
- Who discovered Mohenjo-daro?
- What does “Mohenjo-daro” mean?
- Name one Harappan site in Gujarat.
- Which site is known for its dockyard?
- What is the upper part of the Harappan city called?
- What were Harappan houses made of?
- Name two crops grown by Harappans.
- What is Mesopotamia known as?
- Name the two rivers of Mesopotamian civilization.
Section B – Short Answer (2–3 marks each)
- Write any two features of Harappan town planning.
- What was the function of the Great Bath?
- What were granaries used for?
- Name any two important Harappan sites and their features.
- Describe the drainage system of Harappan cities.
- What was the main occupation of Harappan people?
- Write two features of Mesopotamian society.
- What is a Ziggurat?
- What is Cuneiform script?
- Write two reasons for the decline of the Harappan civilization.
Section C – Long Answer (4–5 marks each)
- Describe the town planning of Harappan civilization.
- Explain the division of Harappan cities into Citadel and Lower Town.
- Describe the economic life of Harappan people.
- Explain the social structure of Mesopotamian civilization.
- Write about the achievements of Mesopotamian civilization.
- Describe Hammurabi’s Code of Law.
Section D – Match the Following
Column A Column B
1. Lothal a. Water reservoir
2. Dholavira b. Dockyard
3. Kalibangan c. Terracotta bangles
4. Mohenjo-daro d. Great Bath
Section E – Fill in the Blanks
- Harappan cities were built on a ______ pattern.
- The Great Bath was found in ______.
- Mesopotamia means “land between ______”.
- Harappans used ______ system for trade.
- The script of Mesopotamia is called ______.
- The Hanging Gardens were built by ______.
Section F – True or False
- Harappan cities had poor drainage systems.
- Lothal was a port city.
- Mesopotamians believed in many gods.
- Harappans used coins for trade.
- Ziggurats were temples.
Section G – Case Study / Source-Based Question
Case Study 1: Harappan Town Planning
The Harappan Civilization is famous for its well-planned cities. Cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-daro were built on a grid pattern. Roads were straight and crossed each other at right angles. The cities were divided into two parts: the citadel and the lower town. Houses were made of baked bricks and had rooms, bathrooms, and wells. Each house was connected to a proper drainage system. Covered drains were built along the streets. The drainage system was cleaned regularly. This shows that Harappans had a strong sense of cleanliness and planning. Their cities were highly organized and advanced for their time.
Questions:
What type of planning did Harappan cities follow?
Name the two parts of the city.
What does the drainage system show about Harappans?
Case Study 2: Economy and Trade of Harappans
The economy of the Harappan Civilization was mainly based on agriculture and trade. People grew crops like wheat and barley. They also reared animals and practiced different occupations like pottery, weaving, and metalwork. Trade was an important activity, and they traded with distant regions like Mesopotamia. They used the barter system, where goods were exchanged for other goods. Harappans also used seals and standard weights for trade. Cities like Lothal had dockyards, showing sea trade. This indicates that Harappans had a well-developed and organized economic system.
Questions:
What were the main economic activities of Harappans?
What system was used for trade?
What does the dockyard at Lothal indicate?
Case Study 3: Mesopotamian Civilization
Mesopotamian Civilization developed between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It was located in present-day Iraq. The word Mesopotamia means “land between two rivers.” The society was divided into three classes: upper, middle, and lower. People believed in many gods and built temples called Ziggurats. Cities were not as well-planned as Harappan cities. They developed cuneiform script, one of the earliest writing systems. Trade and agriculture were important for their economy. They also made progress in science, mathematics, and astronomy. However, the civilization declined due to wars and environmental problems.
Questions:
Where was Mesopotamian civilization located?
What is the meaning of Mesopotamia?
Name the script used by Mesopotamians.
Section H – Map Work (Activity)
On a map of India and surrounding regions, mark:
- Harappa
- Mohenjo-daro
- Lothal
- Dholavira
- Kalibangan
Section I – Creative thinking
- Why do you think Harappan civilization is called an advanced urban civilization?
- Compare Harappan and Mesopotamian town planning.
- Why was trade important in ancient civilizations?
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