Class 9 Economics Chapter 9 Worksheet | The Price Puzzle – What Drives the Market (NCERT 2026–27) ⭐

 Chapter 9: The Price Puzzle – What Drives the Market Worksheet

Section A: Competency-Based Multiple Choice Questions (Questions 1–30)

1. Riya buys only 1 kg of mangoes when the price is ₹150 per kg. When the price falls to ₹75 per kg, she buys 3 kg. Which economic principle does this situation demonstrate?

A. Law of Supply

B. Law of Demand

C. Market Equilibrium

D. Price Ceiling

2. Which of the following best defines demand?

A. Desire to buy any product

B. Quantity of a product consumers are willing and able to buy at a particular price

C. Quantity produced by sellers

D. Quantity available in the market

3. Purchasing power refers to:

A. Ability to produce goods

B. Ability to sell goods

C. Ability of a consumer to buy goods and services

D. Ability to increase prices

4. Which graph correctly represents the demand curve?

A. Vertical line

B. Horizontal line

C. Downward-sloping curve

D. Upward-sloping curve

5. If the price of a product increases, the quantity demanded generally:

A. Increases

B. Remains constant

C. Decreases

D. Doubles

6. Which of the following represents individual demand?

A. Total demand of all consumers

B. Demand by one consumer at different prices

C. Demand by all markets

D. Demand by all states

7. Market demand is obtained by:

A. Dividing individual demand

B. Multiplying demand schedules

C. Adding individual demands

D. Ignoring individual demand

8. The market demand curve is flatter because:

A. Only one consumer is considered

B. It combines many consumers

C. Prices remain fixed

D. Supply becomes constant

9. Tea and coffee are examples of:

A. Complementary goods

B. Public goods

C. Substitute goods

D. Luxury goods

10. If coffee becomes expensive while tea's price remains unchanged, demand for tea will most likely:

A. Decrease

B. Increase

C. Remain unchanged

D. Become zero

11. Mobile phones and earphones are examples of:

A. Substitute goods

B. Complementary goods

C. Inferior goods

D. Free goods

12. If more people buy printers, demand for printer cartridges will likely:

A. Decrease

B. Increase

C. Become zero

D. Remain fixed

13. Which factor directly increases demand even when prices remain unchanged?

A. Fall in technology

B. Rise in consumer income

C. Reduction in sellers

D. Government tax

14. Aman prefers mangoes even though oranges are cheaper. This reflects:

A. Law of Supply

B. Taste and Preference

C. Population Growth

D. Market Supply

15. A country with more elderly people will generally have greater demand for:

A. School bags

B. Sports shoes

C. Orthopaedic shoes

D. Toys

16. During winter, the demand for sweaters increases mainly because of:

A. Technology

B. Seasonality

C. Monopoly

D. Supply

17. Many people postpone purchasing televisions before Diwali because they expect:

A. Shortage

B. Festival discounts

C. Increase in production

D. Lower income

18. The principle of diminishing marginal utility means:

A. Satisfaction increases forever

B. Every additional unit gives greater satisfaction

C. Satisfaction from each additional unit gradually decreases

D. Prices always fall

19. Supply means:

A. Quantity buyers demand

B. Quantity sellers are willing and able to sell

C. Quantity stored in warehouses

D. Quantity imported

20. According to the Law of Supply:

A. Price ↑ → Supply ↓

B. Price ↓ → Supply ↑

C. Price ↑ → Supply ↑

D. Supply never changes

21. Which graph correctly represents a supply curve?

A. Downward sloping

B. Horizontal

C. Upward sloping

D. Circular

22. Market supply is:

A. Supply by one producer

B. Sum of all individual supplies

C. Supply by consumers

D. Government supply only

23. A farmer shifts from wheat to chickpea because chickpea prices are higher. This shows the effect of:

A. Technology

B. Related goods

C. Population

D. Income

24. Introduction of drip irrigation mainly affects supply by:

A. Increasing production costs

B. Reducing production

C. Increasing production and supply

D. Reducing purchasing power

25. If producers expect higher prices in the future, they may:

A. Stop production immediately

B. Increase production or hold stock

C. Reduce supply permanently

D. Leave the market

26. Market equilibrium occurs when:

A. Demand exceeds supply

B. Supply exceeds demand

C. Quantity demanded equals quantity supplied

D. Government fixes prices

27. When demand is greater than supply, the market experiences:

A. Surplus

B. Shortage

C. Equilibrium

D. Monopoly

28. Which of the following may cause market equilibrium to change frequently?

A. Weather changes

B. Festivals

C. Pandemics

D. All of the above

29. Hotel room prices during tourist season mainly increase because:

A. Demand increases

B. Supply doubles

C. Government fixes prices

D. Hotels reduce rooms

30. Revenue means:

A. Total expenses of a business

B. Total amount earned from selling goods or services before expenses

C. Profit after tax

D. Government income only

Section B: Assertion & Reason (Questions 31–40)

A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.

D. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

31.Assertion (A): When the price of mangoes falls, consumers generally buy more mangoes.

Reason (R): There is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.

32.Assertion (A): Demand means only the desire to buy a product.

Reason (R): Demand requires both willingness and purchasing power.

33.Assertion (A): The demand curve slopes downward.

Reason (R): Quantity demanded increases when price falls.

34.Assertion (A): Tea and coffee are substitute goods.

Reason (R): An increase in the price of coffee may increase the demand for tea.

35.Assertion (A): Higher consumer income generally increases demand.

Reason (R): Consumers can afford to buy more goods.

36.Assertion (A): Supply increases when prices increase.

Reason (R): Higher prices encourage producers to sell more.

37.Assertion (A): Better technology can increase market supply.

Reason (R): Improved technology reduces production costs and raises output.

38.Assertion (A): Market equilibrium occurs when demand equals supply.

Reason (R): At equilibrium, there is neither shortage nor surplus.

39.Assertion (A): Government sets price ceilings on some essential goods.

Reason (R): Price ceilings help prevent overcharging of consumers.

40.Assertion (A): Monopoly benefits consumers by increasing competition.

Reason (R): Monopoly means a single seller controls the market.

Section C: Fill in the Blanks (Questions 41–55)

41. Demand is the quantity consumers are willing and ________ to buy.

42. Demand requires willingness as well as ________ power.

43. According to the Law of Demand, when price rises, quantity demanded ________.

44. The graphical representation of a demand schedule is called the ________ curve.

45. Market demand is the ________ of all individual demands.

46. Tea and coffee are examples of ________ goods.

47. Mobile phones and earphones are ________ goods.

48. Demand for sweaters usually rises during the ________ season.

49. The quantity sellers are willing and able to sell is called ________.

50. According to the Law of Supply, price and supply have a ________ relationship.

51. Market equilibrium occurs when quantity demanded equals quantity ________.

52. When demand is greater than supply, the market faces a ________.

53. The total money earned before deducting expenses is called ________.

54. The maximum legal price fixed by the government is called a price ________.

55. Goods like roads and streetlights provided by the government are called ________ goods.

Section D: Match the Following (Questions 56–65)

Column A                         Column B

56. Purchasing Power                 A. Single seller

57. Substitute Goods                 B. Ability to buy goods

58. Complementary Goods         C. Mobile & Earphones

59. Monopoly                                 D. Tea & Coffee

60. Demand Curve                         E. Downward sloping

61. Supply Curve                         F. Upward sloping

62. Market Equilibrium                 G. Demand = Supply

63. Price Ceiling                         H. Maximum legal price

64. Revenue                                 I. Total earnings before expenses

65. Public Goods                         J. Roads and Parks

Section E: True or False (Questions 66–75)

66. Demand refers only to the desire to buy a product. ________

67. Purchasing power means the ability of a consumer to buy goods and services. ________

68. According to the Law of Demand, quantity demanded increases when price falls. ________

69. A demand curve slopes upward from left to right. ________

70. Tea and coffee are substitute goods. ________

71. Supply is the quantity sellers are willing and able to sell at a particular price. ________

72. Market equilibrium occurs when quantity demanded equals quantity supplied. ________

73. Price ceiling is the minimum legal price fixed by the government. ________

74. Roads, parks and streetlights are examples of public goods. ________

75. Monopoly means many sellers compete equally in the market. ________

Section F: Very Short Answer Questions (Questions 76–85)

76.Define Demand.

77.What is Purchasing Power?

78.State the Law of Demand.

79.What is a Demand Schedule?

80.Define Market Demand.

81.What are Substitute Goods? Give one example.

82.What are Complementary Goods? Give one example.

83.What is Supply?

84.What is Market Equilibrium?

85.What is meant by a Price Ceiling?

Section G: Short Answer Questions (Questions 86–95)

86.Differentiate between Individual Demand and Market Demand.

87.Explain any three determinants of demand with suitable examples.

88.Why does the demand curve slope downward?

89.Explain the Law of Supply with an example.

90.Describe the role of technology in increasing supply.

91.Differentiate between Substitute Goods and Complementary Goods with examples.

92.Explain the concept of Diminishing Marginal Utility.

93.What happens when Demand exceeds Supply? Explain.

94.Why do hotel room tariffs change during festivals and holidays?

95.State any three functions of the government in a market economy.

Section H: Long Answer Questions (Questions 96–101)

96. Explain the concept of Demand and discuss any five determinants of demand with suitable examples.

97. Describe the Law of Supply. Explain any four factors that affect the supply of goods and services.

98. What is Market Equilibrium? Explain how equilibrium price is determined with the help of demand and supply. What happens in situations of excess demand and excess supply?

99. Explain the role of the Government in a market economy. Why is government intervention necessary?

100. Discuss the limitations of government intervention in the market. Explain how excessive regulation can affect producers and consumers.

101. Differentiate between Demand and Supply on the basis of meaning, law, curve, relationship with price, determinants and examples.

Section I: Case Study Based Questions

Case Study – 1 (Questions 102–106)

Rohan visited a fruit market during the mango season. At the beginning of the season, mangoes were sold at ₹150 per kg, so he bought only 1 kg. A month later, the price fell to ₹100 per kg, and he bought 2 kg. Towards the end of the season, the price dropped to ₹50 per kg, and he purchased 4 kg.

102. Which economic law is illustrated in the above case?

A. Law of Supply

B. Law of Demand

C. Law of Equilibrium

D. Law of Utility

103. The relationship between price and demand shown above is:

A. Direct

B. Positive

C. Inverse

D. Equal

104. Which graph best represents this situation?

A. Upward-sloping supply curve

B. Downward-sloping demand curve

C. Vertical curve

D. Horizontal curve

105. Why did Rohan buy more mangoes when the price decreased?

106. State one other factor (other than price) that can affect the demand for mangoes.

Case Study – 2 (Questions 107–111)

A farmer installs drip irrigation and cold storage facilities on his farm. These improvements reduce production costs and help him produce and sell more vegetables throughout the year.

107. Which determinant of supply is highlighted here?

A. Population

B. Technology

C. Seasonality

D. Monopoly

108. Better technology generally:

A. Reduces supply

B. Increases production cost

C. Increases production and supply

D. Reduces consumer demand

109. Which law explains the producer's willingness to supply more when prices increase?

A. Law of Demand

B. Law of Supply

C. Law of Utility

D. Law of Consumption

110. Mention one benefit of technology for producers.

111. Name another factor that influences supply.

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